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Tag: "breaks" at biology news

Cancer researchers add spice to research against rare neuromuscular disease

...f motor neurons. Chang's team found that ASC-J9 breaks up the clumps by separating the androgen receptor from some of its helper molecules, or co-factors. As the clumps dissolve, CBP moves throughout the cell as it normally would, producing more VEGF. Ultimately, the work brought about healthier mice ...

Speeding 'fingertip' discovery -- 20 years of protein info in 1 place

... (ETD) tandem mass spectrometry, a technology that breaks apart proteins into small fragments, separates them by size and identifies the fragments based on their mass - their size and weight. The process improves on previous techniques by breaking up proteins more gently and keeping chemical modifications l...

Experimental vaccine given during pregnancy reduces stillbirths from common virus

...nter through mucosal surfaces such as the mouth or breaks in the skin. It can also be transmitted through nasal secretions, blood transfusions, and sexual contact. Most adults will become infected with CMV at some point during their lives. Dr. Schleiss added that pregnant women may not even know they hav...

Moonlighting enzyme linked to neurodegenerative disease

...hesized, and it carries out its function before it breaks down. Some proteins degrade more rapidly than others, but frataxin degrades at a much more rapid pace than other proteins. "We observed this degradation years ago and in doing so, we decided to go after the enzyme responsible for the degradation thin...

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...luggish rate at which the cellulose enzyme complex breaks down tightly bound cellulose into sugars, which ar... "By learning how the cellulase enzyme complex breaks down cellulose we can develop protein engineering strategies to speed up this key reaction," said Mi...

MicroRNAs can be tumor suppressors

...pression in the cell cytosol. However, chromosomal breaks that shorten the 3?end of the HMGA2 transcript,and prevent let-7 binding, result in aberrantly high levels of HMGA2 expression and tumorigenesis (formation of tumors). This paper establishes that HMGA2 is a target of let-7, and that the let-7 mic...

Smokers quit after damage to brain region

...ly intriguing to think that disrupting this region breaks the pleasure feelings associated with smoking," sa... emotion and feeling, the fact that insular damage breaks down a learned habit such as smoking, demonstrates a powerful link between habit and emotion or feel...

A sweet step toward new cancer therapies

... sugars have been added, the identification method breaks down. "If sugars are attached, for instance, th...rt of the tree it came from." The trick is to make breaks that cut across the ring structures, rather lopping off branches. By using metals as charge carriers...

Dig deeper to find Martian life

...use, when active, they successfully repair the DNA breaks caused by ionising radiation. However, when cells are dormant, such as when frozen as in the subsurface of Mars, they are preserved but unable to repair the damage, which accumulates to the point where the cell becomes permanently inactivated. Mr ...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

... the process heats the sugar so fast that it, too, breaks up into syngas instead of its usual products: carb...lots of time. But the high heat of the new process breaks those bonds with ease, meaning cellulose and similar plant materials can possibly be used as feedsto...

A new approach to growing heart muscle

...t rat cardiac cells temporarily, before the fibrin breaks down as the cells organize into tissue. The U-M team details its achievement in a new paper published online in the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. And while BEHM is still years away from use as a human heart treatment, or as a...

Nanoscale microscope sheds first light on gene repair

...e genetic material, DNA double-strand breaks. Such breaks provoke a rapid and highly coordinated series of events to identify and repair the damage. The response is critical, and there is an increased risk for cancer, developmental abnormalities and immunological problems when components of the repair proc...

MIT material stops bleeding in seconds

...oved, the wound remains sealed. The gel eventually breaks down into amino acids, the building blocks for proteins, which can be used by surrounding cells. The exact mechanism of the solutions' action is still unknown, but the researchers believe the peptides interact with the extracellular matrix surround...

Developing uses for sugar-cane bagasse: Biotechnology applied to the paper industry

...nus, which produces laccase naturally. This enzyme breaks down the lignin in the fibres of bagasse used as substrate in these trials, transforming this waste product, after mechanical refining, into paper pulp. As the lignin progressively disappears, the pulp obtained becomes bleached. This pulp can be used...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

...which the machine begins synthesis of RNA and then breaks free from its initial binding site to move along DNA to continue synthesizing RNA. The results establish that during transcription initiation the machine remains stationary at its initial binding site and "reels in" adjacent DNA segments, unwindin...

Researchers image molecular motor structural changes

...ral changes that a molecular motor undergoes as it breaks down adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the source of energy in all cells, into the power necessary to move along the microtubules. "In order to visualize the actual structure of the motor molecule bound to a microtubule, we combined the images generated...

Single molecular 'mark' seen as pivotal for genome compaction in spores and sperm

...t is in the gametes, it's much more susceptible to breaks and mutations," she says. "Compaction may keep the... DNA, on the other hand, has the ability to repair breaks in one of its single strands by using the chemical bases in the companion strand as a reference. Ba...

Mars mission Risk 29: Scientists research ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage

...sms of the repair of HZE-induced DNA double-strand breaks in human cells Albert Fornace, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, mouse models approach for intestinal tumorigenesis estimates by space radiation Kathryn Held, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, mechanisms for induction of bystander...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...ne as the disease progresses. As insulin signaling breaks down, it leads to increased oxidative stress, impaired metabolism and cell death ?all causing neurodegeneration. Scientists were also previously able to replicate Alzheimer's in rats with Streptozotocin (STZ), a compound that is known to destroy ins...

Age-related changes in DNA repair illuminate the connection between age and genetic damage

...urse of natural cellular processes. Repairing such breaks is an essential but hazardous process, often leavi...s the organisms age, however, the same kind of DNA breaks are repaired primarily by the slower but much more accurate methods that make use of a matching temp...

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