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Tag: "breakdown" at biology news

Neuronal 'traffic jam' marks early Alzheimer's disease

...the disease, researchers observed a characteristic breakdown in neurons that appears to prevent the normal movement of critical proteins to the communications centers of the nerve cells. In a vicious cycle, the traffic jam also could increase production of an abnormal protein that clogs neurons, leading to the...

Research Gives Hope For Liver Damage

...produced only a few days later, change function to breakdown and reabsorb the scarring. These findings, published in theJanuary edition of Journal of Clinical Investigation, will help doctorsto understand the mechanisms by which the liver is damaged and repairedand may lead to future treatments. Researcher Dr...

Researchers discover molecular mechanism that desensitizes us to cold

...ulated, calcium enters the cell and stimulates the breakdown of PIP2. When PIP2 is broken down, the receptor be...tters and growth factors are known to catalyze the breakdown of PIP2. Now that researchers know how PIP2 interacts with this large class of membrane proteins, th...

Increased risk of osteoporosis associated with gene that one in five people have

...rated that in women the variant gene speeds up the breakdown of estrogen and is associated with low density in ...rogen levels and higher levels of urinary estrogen breakdown products than normal. These women also had a higher than normal urinary concentration of a marker th...

Brain-injury rehabilitation depends on acetylcholine circuitry

...ury." They also concluded that drugs that inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine or those that encourage brain wiring growth "may enhance cortical plasticity and improve functional recovery following nervous system injury." The researchers also noted that brain circuitry that depends on other types of neurotrans...

Scientists map the world for nature conservation

... basic research. A central innovation here is the breakdown of data by vegetation zone. Tropical rainforests are, unsurprisingly, shown to be among the most species-rich areas on earth. Indeed, Borneo's lowland rainforest is the most diverse of all, with around 10,000 plant species. By comparison, the whole o...

It's electric: Cows show promise as powerplants

...mary component of the roughage that cows eat. That breakdown releases electrons. This study represents the first time that scientists have used cellulose to help charge a fuel cell. The researchers presented their findings on August 31 in Washington, D.C., at the national meeting of the American Chemical Soc...

Bacteria feed on smelly breath (and feet)

...-carbon' compounds are naturally produced from the breakdown of sulphur-containing amino acids in the mouth. Dr Ann Wood and her colleagues at Kings College, London, reported these findings in the August issue of Environmental Microbiology. The odour-eating methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the tongu...

Scientists discover the body's marijuana-like compounds are crucial for stress-induced pain relief

...e, is the discoverer of a compound that blocks the breakdown of this marijuana-like compound called 2-AG, and it is that blocking compound, patented by UC-Irvine, that could become the new drug of choice for those suffering from pain or stress conditions. Importantly, it would not require people to smoke marij...

Deep sleep short-circuits brain's grid of connectivity

... "So what could be responsible?" To explore the breakdown of consciousness during sleep, Tononi and his colleagues capitalized on a new technology - transcranial magnetic stimulation - that permits precise, non-invasive activation of small regions of the brain. Subjects are also equipped with a cap of elect...

Frog peptides block HIV in lab study

... "So what could be responsible?" To explore the breakdown of consciousness during sleep, Tononi and his colleagues capitalized on a new technology - transcranial magnetic stimulation - that permits precise, non-invasive activation of small regions of the brain. Subjects are also equipped with a cap of elect...

Insulin pulses keep the liver lean

...orage of lipids and carbohydrates and blocks their breakdown and release into the bloodstream. A failure to make or respond to insulin in people with diabetes causes blood sugar levels to rise. The current study uncovered a new mechanism whereby acute insulin pulses limit fat synthesis in the liver. This prot...

Squeezing out dune plants

...ny areas, leading to smaller dunes and an eventual breakdown of dune formation. In the higher water scenarios, the plant populations no longer provided windblocks, elevated dune structures, or added to the sand and soil fertility. On Galveston Island, "the loss of such species is already occurring, where sea...

UCSD study clarifies insulin's role in blocking release of energy in patients with type II diabetes

...–the normal catecholamine signal that triggers fat breakdown and energy release can be drowned out. This can lead to excessive energy storage in the adipocyte,?said Hupfeld. “This may be one reason why chronic obesity and Type II diabetes are often seen together.?/p> “By correcting this hormonal imbalance,...

Pollution-eating bacteria produce electricity

...teria are most commonly known for their ability to breakdown and detoxify some of the most problematic environmental pollutants, including PCBs and some chemical solvents. "These bacteria are very diverse in their metabolic capabilities, including the food that they can consume. That means that these bacteria...

Acid water in East Java threatens biodiversity and local welfare

...ganisms and algae was also very low. The inhibited breakdown of organic material was another ecological effect measured. Lohr established this using packs containing jati and bamboo leaves, which she suspended in the river at various locations. She determined the loss dry matter over a period of several months...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...il now. Interested in learning more about how the breakdown of chitin occurs, Dr. Eijsink and his colleagues investigated chitin degradation by the soil bacterium Serratia marcescens. They discovered that in addition to producing chitinases, the bacterium also make a protein called CBP21 which binds to and di...

Natural compound from 'pond scum' shows potential activity against Alzheimer's

...t to be important for memory and thinking -- whose breakdown has been associated with the disease's progression. The natural compound's potency is comparable to galanthamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor already approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's, the researchers say. As with any promising structure, it ...

Science's Breakthrough of the Year: Watching evolution in action

...le colliders, U.S. particle physics is Science 's breakdown of 2005. As the U.S. program founders, particle physics research around the world could suffer. A bit of good particle physics news did emerge in 2005, however ?researchers around the world remain committed to building the International Linear Collid...

Gene controls whether fear is a factor

...leton. Stathmin normally controls the assembly and breakdown of the cellular scaffolds, Shumyatsky explained. "For memory, the brain needs to quickly disassemble and rebuild microtubules to form connections where they are needed," Shumyatsky said. "It appears that loss of stathmin might interfere with this ab...

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