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Tag: "brains" at biology news

Where we change our mind

...ed 3D "wire-frame" maze. Then, while the subjects' brains were being scanned using functional magnetic resonance, the researchers "placed" the subjects in different parts of the maze and analyzed activation of cerebral cortical regions as the subjects made a series of decisions to navigate their way to a sp...

Test reveals effectiveness of potential Huntington's disease drugs

...searchers cultured striatal spiny neurons from the brains of mice genetically engineered to express the mutant human Huntington gene. As predicted, glutamate killed the Huntington's neurons, but the scientists also tested five clinically relevant glutamate inhibitors to assess their protective ability. F...

Beauty and the brain

... and his colleagues first "prepared" participants' brains to perceive a prototype and then asked them to categorize different degrees of variations around that same prototype and rate their appeal. "As predicted," the researchers write, "participants categorized patterns more quickly and judged them as m...

Scientists identify 36 genes, 100 neuropeptides in honey bee brains

...overed were a result of direct measurements of bee brains using an extremely sensitive mass spectrometer. Some of the genes were found because they resembled genes discovered in other species, such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). And, because genes that produce neuropeptides often have repeating...

Cell death following blood 'reflow' injury tracked to natural toxin

...not something else) killed them, they examined the brains of mice engineered to lack an enzyme that chews up and gets rid of PAR. These mouse brains contained twice as much PAR-polymer as those of normal mice. After the researchers induced a bloo...

Electronic chip, interacting with the brain, modifies pathways for controlling movement

...years Fetz and his colleagues have studied how the brains of monkeys control their limb muscles. When awake, the brain continuously governs the body's voluntary movements. This is largely done through the activity of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the motor cortex. These nerve cells, or neuro...

Study suggests evolutionary link between diet, brain size in orangutans

...process of natural selection comparatively smaller brains than orangs inhabiting the more bounteous Sumatra....between births could themselves be tied to smaller brains in such higher primates as orangutans, van Schaik and Taylor wrote in their current report. "Large...

Study offers window into human behavior, brain disease

...out what makes us unique as humans, what makes our brains different from those of other species. And that's pretty exciting, too." Bruce Miller, MD, the A.W. & Mary Margaret Clausen Distinguished Professor of Neurology, director of the UCSF Memory and Aging Center and a co-author of the study, concurs...

Chemotherapy temporarily affects the structures of the human brain

...ee-years after surgery. In addition, they compared brains of cancer survivors one-year after surgery and three-years after surgery with healthy subjects. They found that at one-year, patients treated with chemotherapy had smaller volumes in cognitively sensitive areas, such as the prefrontal, parahippoca...

Insulin receptor stops progression of Alzheimer's disease

...ancreas and cause diabetes. When injected into the brains of rats, the compound mimicked the neurodegenerati...gonists either partially or completely rescued the brains from neurodegeneration," the authors write. Alzheimer's appears to be caused by parallel abnormalit...

Humpback whales have brain cells also found in humans

...of Anatomists,compared a humpback whale brain with brains from several other cetacean species and found the ... brain of a fin whale (another baleen species) and brains from several toothed whales, including three bottlenose dolphins, an Amazon river dolphin, a sperm w...

Renewed dolphin slaughter prompts new campaign

...n intelligent, sentient, and emotional beings with brains that should make us all stop and think" said Dr. Lori Marino, Senior Lecturer in Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology at Emory University. Aside from the issue of welfare, researchers point out that the dolphin drive hunts also raise concerns about...

Cancer stem cells linked to radiation resistance

... glioblastoma tissue into the frontal lobes of the brains of mice. The researchers first measured the number of glioma stem cells present in the original tissue and then administered set doses of ionizing radiation to the cell cultures and to the mice. In both cases, the researchers observed a roughly fo...

Changing length of days reverses how estrogen affects aggressiveness in mice

... interacted ?or didn't interact ?with genes in the brains of mice that regulated aggression. "Typically, when scientists talk about a gene-environment interaction, they are talking about a very complicated environment," Nelson said. "But here we have a very simple environmental factor, the hours of li...

Mars mission Risk 29: Scientists research ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage

...ts of solar and cosmic radiation will decimate the brains of astronauts, leaving them in a vegetative state,...t proteomic analysis of portions of the irradiated brains to obtain more precise details about the biochemical changes. To date, many scientists have sugges...

Brains can recover from alcoholic damage but patients should stop drinking as soon as possible

...ents?brains upon follow-up on to the images of the brains at the start of the study so that they could see any morphological changes. They also measured how levels of various chemicals, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline, changed between the two time points. NAA can indicate how intact the brain’...

Stem cell activity deciphered in the aging brain

...the researchers found that the stem cells in aging brains are not reduced in number, but instead they divide less frequently, resulting in dramatic reductions in the addition of new neurons in the hippocampus. To conduct their census, the researchers attached easy-to-spot fluorescent tags to the neuronal ...

Neural stem cells lend the brain a surprising capacity for self-repair

...esearchers. The researchers found that mice whose brains were severely damaged by loss of the genes "Numb" ... potential. "At two weeks, the knockout animals' brains had developed a big hole," said Yuh-Nung Jan, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the ...

Adolescent but not adult hamsters are more aggressive on low dose of fluoxetine

... says the findings confirm that juvenile and adult brains are different. Thus, she says, "It is unwise to expect a drug to work the same in juveniles as in adults." Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is the only medication approved to treat depression in children and adolesc...

Brain regions do not communicate efficiently in adults with autism

A novel look at the brains of adults with autism has provided new evidence th...fficient and inconsistent communication inside the brains of people with autism and may explain some of the deficits shown by people who have the disorder. ...

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