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Tag: "brains" at biology news

Gambling monkeys give insight into neural machinery of risk

...r neurobiologists have pinpointed circuitry in the brains of monkeys that assesses the level of risk in a given action. Their findings -- gained from experiments in which they gave the monkeys a chance to gamble to receive juice rewards -- could give insights into why humans compulsively engage in risky beh...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

Previous studies have demonstrated that the brains of alcoholics are smaller, lighter and "shrunken" ... - Both gene and protein changes can occur in the brains of alcoholics. "Even after death, tissues can reveal the secrets of diseases," said Harper. "For th...

Gene controlling circadian rhythms linked to drug addiction

...s cocaine. "We tracked dopamine cells in the mice brains and found that these cells fired more rapidly and showed a pattern called bursting, which leads to an usually large dopamine release," Dr. McClung said. "We also found that more dopamine is produced and released in these mice under normal conditions ...

3D Atlas Will Help Navigate The Spinal Cord

... author of atlases of human, monkey, rat and mouse brains used world-wide by neuroscientists in all areas. As a geographic map to a traveller, a map of the spinal cord is needed by scientists studying the spinal cord of humans. Currently the principal animal for spinal cord injury research is the rat. Ther...

Nose odors and mouth odors: The brain distinguishes

... one tube or the other, they scanned the subject's brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging, a technique in which harmless magnetic fields and radio waves detect increased blood flow to brain areas, which reflects increased activity. They used four odorants: chocolate odor represented a food odor...

Brain size may depend upon how neural cells are cleaved

...he researchers impaired Gβγ signaling in the mouse brains in utero, then isolated the progenitor cells to study the effects in vitro. Those studies revealed that impairing Gβγ did result in overproduction of neurons as a result of both daughter cells adopting the neuronal fate. Thus, the researchers conclud...

Targeting a key enzyme with gene therapy reversed course of Alzheimer's disease in mouse models

...tion of beta amyloid occurs in all brains, healthy brains are able to clear away excess amounts. Brains of p... and thus prevent beta amyloid from building up in brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. But so far, the goal has remained elusive. Instead of looking f...

Scientists uncover new clues about brain function in human behavior

...d online on July 10, 2005. The study compared the brains of healthy volunteers to those with a genetic abnormality, Williams Syndrome, a rare disorder that causes unique changes in social behavior. This comparison enabled the researchers to both define a brain circuit for social function in the healthy hum...

Molecular trigger for Huntington's disease found

...studies in cultured brain cells to analysis of the brains of human HD patients that demonstrated the central... increases its level in cells. They noted that the brains of patients with HD also show substantial increases in the p53 protein, with the highest levels in c...

Scavenger cells could be key to treating HIV-related dementia

...first step, Salemi said. The team is now analyzing brains from 10 people, some who died with HIV-associated dementia and others who did not. The well-known cocktail of antiretroviral drugs prescribed to most HIV patients has cut the number of HIV-associated dementia cases reported each year, Gonzalez-Scara...

Old drug shows new promise for Huntington's Disease

...accumulated four times less toxic protein in their brains than control mice given water alone. The experimental animals lived 20 percent longer than the control animals, did better on tests of motor coordination, and had less weight loss. "It's a limited study, in that we used the same drug dose on all the...

OHSU researchers discover potential mechanism to repair brain damage linked to Multiple Sclerosis

...D44, is frequently found in limited amounts in the brains of both healthy mice and humans. However, instead ...ts of hyaluronic acid (HA), a carbohydrate, in the brains of these mice. A comparison to brain tissue of deceased human MS patients also revealed heightened l...

Molecular Partners Required For Appropriate Neuronal Gene Repression

...D44, is frequently found in limited amounts in the brains of both healthy mice and humans. However, instead ...ts of hyaluronic acid (HA), a carbohydrate, in the brains of these mice. A comparison to brain tissue of deceased human MS patients also revealed heightened l...

Does manganese inhaled from the shower represent a public health threat?

...n doses that resulted in manganese deposits in the brains of rats. Adults would be exposed to doses 50 percent higher than the rodents. The researchers said that while limitations to their calculations do exist, regulatory agencies have not considered this potential pathway when setting drinking water stan...

Color perception is not in the eye of the beholder: It's in the brain

...perception of color is controlled much more by our brains than by our eyes. "We were able to precisely image and count the color-receptive cones in a living human eye for the first time, and we were astonished at the results," says David Williams, Allyn Professor of Medical Optics and director of the Cente...

An essential regulator of body weight revealed

... were eliminated in newborn mice, their developing brains found a way to compensate for the deficiency, and ...s voracious eating behavior when injected into the brains of rats. High levels of NPY in the brain of both hungry and obese mice provided further evidence tha...

Amphetamines reverse Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice

...d them from manufacturing the brain messenger. The brains of the mice therefore lack detectable levels of dopamine and the animals exhibit all the symptoms of Parkinson's disease for up to 16 hours. Those symptoms included severely impaired movement, rigidity and tremor. When treated with L-DOPA, the sympto...

Human cerebellum and cortex age in very different ways

...himpanzee brains, also shows that the two species' brains age very differently, despite their close evolutio...ot previously compared the effects of aging on the brains of humans and other primates. "The fact that chimpanzees' brains age so differently from our own su...

MIT researcher finds neuron growth in adult brain

... cells. Yet evidence points to the fact that adult brains can be functionally plastic. In response to the CPG data, Nedivi and Lee revisited this question with the help of So and Huang. By applying an innovative new imaging technology that allows monitoring of neuronal structural dynamics in the living br...

Bigger brain size matters for intellectual ability

..., terminally ill volunteers, who agreed that their brains be measured after death. It found bigger is better, but there are differences between women and men. In women, verbal intelligence was clearly correlated with brain size, accounting for 36 percent of the verbal IQ score. In men, this was true for ...

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