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Tag: "bone" at biology news

Genetic study of Neanderthal DNA reveals early split between humans and Neanderthals

... Neanderthal and not just contamination from human bone collectors and laboratory workers. The researchers then verified the authenticity of the Neanderthal sequence by comparing it to the human and chimpanzee genomes. This revealed multiple locations where the Neanderthal sequence matched more closely ...

'Tribbles' protein implicated in common and aggressive form of leukemia

... there is a defect in immature immune cells in the bone marrow. In AML, the uncontrolled, exaggerated growth and accumulation of white blood cells leads to anemia and a deficiency of normal white cells in the blood. AML is the most common type of leukemia in adults, with an estimated 10,100 new cases repo...

Exposure to dioxins influences male reproductive system, study of Vietnam veterans concludes

...rtility, increased fatigue, depression and reduced bone density," Dr. Gupta said. "However, we could not conclude from this study that dioxin exposure did lead to any of these adverse affects in the veterans in the study." The study points out the necessity to conduct additional environmental studies o...

UCSD researchers create roadmap to integrin activation

...tes that could be used in patients with suppressed bone marrow function, for example," said Mark H. Ginsberg, M.D., professor of Medicine at the UCSD School of Medicine. The study will be published on line in Current Biology on September 19. Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules that promot...

Paramecia adapt their swimming to changing gravitational force

...cts related to reduced gravity, such as changes in bone cell development and gene expression. But methods for manipulating gravity in the Earth-based laboratory have been few and troublesome, hindering further research in these areas. This new method will allow researchers to subject small biological syst...

Cigarette smoking impedes tendon-to-bone healing

...ave shown that nicotine interferes with healing of bone fractures and also inhibits bone fusion processes -- many spine surgeons, for example, won't do certain operations on people who smok...

Mars mission Risk 29: Scientists research ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage

...to last two years. Those risks include accelerated bone loss, motion sickness, the inability to treat minor illnesses, an inadequate quantity of food and the possibility of "interpersonal tensions" between crew members. Risk 29 addresses the fact that Mars astronauts will be bombarded by high-energy cos...

Researchers discover new gene responsible for brittle bone disease

...of collagen fibers, the protein framework of which bone and cartilage are built. People with OI were known...-prolyl hydroxylase function, the cells that build bone (osteoblasts) were found to make thicker collagen fibers, but fewer of them, resulting in weaker bon...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

...get older, contributing to loss of muscle mass and bone density, the investigators systematically compared the gene expression pattern of their progeroid mice to normal old mice to look for other similarities. What they found was a striking similarity pattern between the progeroid and normal-aged mice in ...

Long-term cancer risk follows stem cell transplant recipients

... cell lineages (which originate principally in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood) are abnormal. D...ying the patient's own unhealthy stem cells in the bone marrow and replacing them with a compatible donor's stem cells offers the chance of cure for a disea...

Radiologists attempt to solve mystery of Tut's demise

... by x-ray in 1968, revealing what appeared to be a bone fragment in his skull, it has been widely speculat... contrary. In the cranial cavity, they found loose bone fragments that were not covered with the intracranial solidified embalming material. These bone frag...

Signaling for cartilage

...tional Academy of Sciences. Skeletons are made of bone and cartilage cells that are differentiated from t...factors involved in the process of differentiating bone and cartilage. The master protein SOX9 directs skeletal progenitor cells to become cartilage and ...

MIT creates 3-D scaffold for growing stem cells

...ating into needed body tissues or migrating toward bone marrow and other natural destinations. "What makes these designer scaffolds particularly interesting is that cells survive longer and differentiate better without additional soluble growth factors," Zhang said. "This suggests that extracellular mi...

Fat stem cells being studied as option for breast reconstruction

...ave potential for treating heart attack, stroke or bone injury, although there have been no clinical trials in the U.S. to date. Experts estimate that one pound of whole fat removed in a tummy tuck, for example, can yield up to 200 million stem cells, which in culture can be expanded by 10 times over the ...

Three-in-one virus killer prevents common, often fatal infections

...s. The CTLs proved effective and safe in all 11 bone marrow transplant patients, who recovered complete...e something." The research team drew cells from bone marrow donors and "trained" T-cells to target the three viruses before injecting them into transplan...

Finding the right mix: A biomaterial blend library

...model cells--immune cells known as macrophages and bone cells known as osteoblasts--responded to changes in the composition of thin films made of these tyrosine-derived polymers. In practice, many biomaterials are made from blends of polymers to achieve specific material properties. Optimizing the blend c...

Stem cell expansion

...systems. HSCs are found in small numbers in the bone marrow, the peripheral blood, and in cord blood, which is harvested from the umbilical cord at birth. Cord blood is increasingly being used for transplantation, but the low number of HSCs present in a unit of cord blood means that transplanted cells ...

Gene transfer using mutant form of good cholesterol cuts vascular plaque and inflammation

...genes were transferred to the female mice during a bone marrow transplant from male mice. Because male DNA...abled the researchers to precisely track the donor bone marrow. To deliver the gene to the arterial wall, the researchers used a "signal molecule" when th...

MRSA vaccine shows promise in mouse study

...serious surgical wound infections, bloodstream and bone infections, or pneumonia. The burden of such infections, according to one recent study, is "staggering: almost 12,000 inpatient deaths annually," an estimated 2.7 million days in excess hospital length of stay, and $9.5 billion in excess charges. ...

Embryos exposed in 3-D

... the treatment of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, bone injury and many other acute and chronic conditions... of biological samples including peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. The Company is currently working with several companies in applyin...

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