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Tag: "blocks" at biology news

Researchers find molecule that inhibits regrowth of spinal nerve cells

...long nerve fibers in adult vertebrates ?chemically blocks the ability of nerve cells to grow through myelin that is released when the spinal cord is damaged. While other myelin components also block nerve growth, a component called ephrin-B3 inhibits such activity as well or better than that of other known ...

Once given 'no respect,' cells' tiny RNAS take driver's seat

... RNA, microRNAs start out more than 1,000 building blocks long. Because they are able to fold back on themse...tions except the microRNAs, just 21 to 23 building blocks long, is discarded. The microRNAs can bind to single-strand messenger RNAs of the right sequence, w...

Newfound roadblock to interferon effectiveness against malignant melanoma

...T5 function by interferon induces a mechanism that blocks the ability of the drug to effectively inhibit growth. Confirming this initial finding, the researchers found that when they inhibited STAT5 in interferon-resistant melanoma cells, they were able to restore the effectiveness of interferon. This demo...

UIC developing drug for SARS

...es to put them out of business." "A compound that blocks all these sites, rather than just a few, and that conforms tightly to the pockets, is ultimately a better drug for human consumption because it can be prescribed in smaller doses." Johnson emphasized that all the work being done at UIC involves isol...

New bioinformatics technique for systematically analyzing key regions in DNA that help control gene activity

... by the cell to manufacture proteins, the building blocks of life.) "It's difficult to experimentally observe how transcription factors bind to DNA at a distance from a gene, or how regulation happens," said Fidelis, a computational biologist in Livermore's Biosciences Directorate. "But you can identify th...

UF researchers kill resistant bugs one bandage at a time

...eloped as the ultimate wound dressing, the coating blocks bacteria from reaching a wound and recolonizing there. UF researchers and scientists from the company presented their findings at the Wound Healing Society's annual meeting earlier this year, and the coating's ability to wipe out harmful bacteria and...

Hopkins scientists uncover 'tags' that force proteins to cell surface

...ound, dubbed SWTY, shorthand for the four building blocks at the end of its protein sequence -- serine, tryp... Given that proteins can be thousands of building blocks long, the final eight building blocks may not seem to be very important. But Li chose this size to s...

Discovery of T-cell 'traffic control' boosts new drug promise

...T cell traffic into lymph nodes. Because this also blocks S1P's chemotactic influence, migration of T cells out of the lymph nodes is greatly reduced. T cells are essentially sequestered in the nodes. Such an effect would prevent T cells from swamping newly transplanted organs or launching a harmful autoimm...

Nose odors and mouth odors: The brain distinguishes

... pinching the nose while eating or drinking--which blocks airflow from the mouth through the olfactory system--blocks flavor perception. Releasing the nose restores the sense of flavor in the mouth. "The fact that the olfactory referral illusion is maintained even though the subject is now aware that the e...

For first time, brain cells generated in a dish

...y to describe immature cells that are the building blocks of bones, skin, flesh and organs, the actual stem cell as it exists in the brain has been enigmatic, according to Dennis Steindler, Ph.D., executive director of the McKnight Brain Institute and senior author of the paper. Its general location was kno...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

... study the control mechanisms (genes) and building blocks (proteins) of the main component of white matter ?the myelin. They found that the expression of genes that control the manufacture of structural proteins of the myelin was reduced in the alcoholic cases. In addition, the content of these proteins in ...

Scientists show that tick-borne flaviviruses use a novel mechanism to evade host defenses

...y Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, MT, NS5 blocks the body's attempt to signal for immune defenses, preventing the immune system from both stopping the spread of virus and helping the body recover from infection. Interferon is so critical for recovery from these infections that it is being tested i...

Nicotine triggers the same brain reward circuitry as opiates

...l's brains, but also that the drug naloxone, which blocks the opiate receptors, blocked CREB activation. Also, mutant mouse strains lacking the opioid receptor did not show an increase in CREB activity when they received nicotine. The researchers also studied the relationship among nicotine, the environmen...

Micro-molecule plays big role in birth defects

...nslates DNA's message into proteins - the building blocks of life. Scientists now think the pint-sized pieces of RNA may control as much as one-third of human gene expression by seeking out and binding to messenger RNA, thereby adjusting the protein-manufacturing process. But for microRNAs to do their job...

Insulin pulses keep the liver lean

...thesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates and blocks their breakdown and release into the bloodstream. A failure to make or respond to insulin in people with diabetes causes blood sugar levels to rise. The current study uncovered a new mechanism whereby acute insulin pulses limit fat synthesis in the ...

Stem cell training program to make its Stanford debut

...s. The enzyme, named Orf2, takes chemical building blocks known as small aromatic molecules and changes them by adding a fat-like molecule called a prenyl group. That modification can have a huge impact on where the aromatic molecule goes within the cell, and what sort of effects it has when it reaches its ...

Promiscuous Catalytic Activity Possessed by Novel Enzyme Structure

...s. The enzyme, named Orf2, takes chemical building blocks known as small aromatic molecules and changes them by adding a fat-like molecule called a prenyl group. That modification can have a huge impact on where the aromatic molecule goes within the cell, and what sort of effects it has when it reaches its ...

New lifespan extension genes found

... of ribosomal DNA, and that deleting Hst2 and Sir2 blocks this effect. Very similar genes are found in widely different animals including worms, flies and rodents. But the targets of these genes are likely to be different, as the toxic DNA circles have not been identified in more advanced organisms, Lin sa...

Snapin: A protein with therapy potential for autism

...nctions," Firestein said. "Rather than a drug that blocks cypin, we need a drug that affects the binding between the cypin and snapin. This is easier to design and cypin can still function with the other proteins it binds to." Firestein's goal is to build "a core pathway of dendric branching" ?a sequence o...

New type of rejection blocker protects kidneys after transplant

...tional clinical trial, a new drug that selectively blocks immune responses has proved as effective in preventing acute kidney transplant rejection as cyclosporine, the standard anti-rejection treatment. Patients who took the experimental drug, a co-stimulatory blocker called belatacept (LEA29Y), also had ...

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