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Tag: "blocks" at biology news

MIT material stops bleeding in seconds

...down into molecules that cells can use as building blocks for tissue repair. "We have found a way to stop ...ntually breaks down into amino acids, the building blocks for proteins, which can be used by surrounding cells. The exact mechanism of the solutions' action...

Researchers make nanosheets that mimic protein formation

...an important connection between two basic building blocks in biology and nanotechnology, that is, proteins a...acturing approaches, if we can design the building blocks appropriately. This is what we're trying to do." ...

New engineered drug may offer prolonged arthritis relief

...y yield simple amino acids, which are the building blocks of all proteins. By experimenting with composition, molecular weight and concentration of various ELPs, Betre developed a protein for use in joints that would precipitate out of solution and clump at normal body temperature. When he injected the ...

The first tree genome is published: Poplar holds promise as renewable bioenergy resource

... cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the building blocks of plant cell walls. The biopolymers cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the most abundant organic materials on earth, which by enzymatic action, can be broken down into sugars that in turn can be fermented into alcohol and distilled to yield fuel...

Scientists discover role for dueling RNAs

... the case of a gene called IME4, the antisense RNA blocks the sense RNA. In other words, the gene disables its own ability to make protein. "This is the first case where a specific function in a higher cell for antisense RNA has been found," says Fink, senior author on the paper. "This points to an ent...

Jefferson scientists find aging gene also protects against prostate cancer development

...t a gene that is involved in regulating aging also blocks prostate cancer cell growth. The researchers, led ...esistant to hormonal therapy and showed that SIRT1 blocks receptor activity, halting cancer growth. “We systematically tested each androgen receptor mutation,...

Researchers add to understanding of how brain cells communicate

...sed to find that the magnesium ion, which strongly blocks the channels of NR1/2A receptors, flows much more easily in NR1/2D receptors. In those receptors, magnesium acts more like a "permeant" ion, which means it can flow through the channel without getting stuck in the middle. In addition to computer mo...

New path from estrogen to survival in breast cancer cells described

...es. SITR1 is a histone deacetylase, a protein that blocks transcription factors from regulating genes. "When... Finally, the researchers discovered that estrogen blocks NEDD8 from modifying BCA3, a finding which goes some way to "explaining estrogen's pro-life effect i...

Cell wall of pneumonia bacteria can cause brain and heart damage

...eople infected with S. pneumoniae with a drug that blocks PAF before we administer antibiotics," Tuomanen sa...s normal functions. This suggests that a drug that blocks the pathway responsible for pulling cell fragments into the cell might not have serious side effects...

Solved: The mystery of flesh-eating bacteria's relentless attack

...p A Streptococcus is due in part to a protein that blocks the immune system's distress calls. The findings, published in the October 4, 2006, issue of the EMBO Journal, could lead to new strategies for treating necrotizing fasciitis and halting its rapid destruction of tissue. The paper was published in adv...

Scientists use gene signatures to match cancer and other diseases with potentially effective drugs

...in inhibit a molecule called HSPH90, which in turn blocks the overactive cell signaling of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells that drives their aggressive growth. Dana-Farber researcher Haley Hieronymus, PhD, who used the Connectivity Map to sift through thousands of drugs and compounds, is the ...

Why we could all do with a siesta

... Burdakov's research has shown exactly how glucose blocks or 'inhibits' neurons that make orexins ?tiny proteins that are vital for normal regulation of our state of consciousness. "These cells are critical for responding to the ever-changing body-energy state with finely orchestrated changes in arousal, f...

Light-sensitive photoswitches could restore sight to those with macular degeneration

...end of the compound sticks in the channel pore and blocks it like a drain plug. When hit with UV light, the molecule kinks and pulls the plug, allowing ions to flow through the channel and activate the nerve cell. Green light unkinks it and replugs the channel, blocking ion flow. Isacoff said that this sa...

Gardenia fruit compound starting point for diabetes therapy

...ink proteins, they now find that the chemical also blocks the function of the enzyme called uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) through another mechanism. In both animals and humans, high concentrations of UCP2 appear to inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. "We thin...

Bacteria have their own immune system protecting against outside DNA

...eased content of adenine and thymine, the building blocks of DNA. "It has been a great mystery why disease-causing genes of bacteria usually contain more adenine and thymine," said Michael McClelland, professor and director of the Molecular Biology Program at the Kimmel Cancer Center. "Now we know this is ...

Massive duplication of genes may solve Darwin's 'abominable mystery' about flowering plants

...entirely sequenced, was shown to harbor many small blocks of related genes in identical order along the chromosome--the telltale remnants of a whole-genome duplication. In Arabidopsis and other cases, however, the signs of whole-genome duplication are few and far between: most of the duplicate genes are qu...

New study shows antibiotic may protect the heart

...U. Kukreja is lead author of the study. Rapamycin blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an essential component in the pathway of the cell cycle progression. The drug has been found to be important in transplant medicine and especially in kidney or heart transplant...

Proteins as parents

...ty. Such proteins are also interesting as building blocks for novel high-tech materials because the natural materials often outperform the artificial: One only has to think about the highly elastic and extremely tear-proof spider dragline silk. Molecules with defined mechanical properties are especially nee...

Methane-belching bugs inspire a new theory of the origin of life on Earth

... focus on the processes by which chemical building blocks first appeared for primitive life to assemble into complex molecules. "But that's not really what the driving force was in early evolution," Ferry asserts. "Nobody had properly considered thermodynamics." "The problem of early energy sources has la...

A sweet solution for Alzheimer's disease?

... them might be this compound, or one like it, that blocks the toxicity and aggregation of amyloid." ...

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