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Tag: "blocks" at biology news

New nanotechnology able to examine single molecules, aiding in determining gene expression

...ively measure single gene transcripts—the building blocks of gene expression. With their new approach, the researchers of the work reported in Nanotechnology were able to isolate and identify individual transcript molecules—a sensitivity not achieved with earlier methods. "Gene expression profiling is us...

Anti-fungal drug stops blood vessel growth

...l Biology. As an antifungal drug, itraconazole blocks a key enzyme for making fungal cholesterol, causing these primitive life forms to become fragile and break apart. It turns out that itraconazole can block the same enzyme in blood vessels, but the researchers aren’t positive if that’s the reason bloo...

Common parasitic infection leads to increased risk for HIV infection

...rasite has been shown to break down an enzyme that blocks HIV attachment to cells. The findings from this study provide support for prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases such as trichomoniasis as important strategies for preventing HIV infection. As a next step, McClelland suggested ...

Drug treatment improves learning in mice with Down syndrome symptoms, Stanford/Packard study shows

...e key to the improvement lies in the fact that PTZ blocks the action of an inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA. Normal brains maintain a precise ratio between neuronal excitation and inhibition that allows efficient learning. In contrast, it’s thought that Down syndrome patients have too much GABA-relat...

Scientists reveal structure of gateways to gene control

...itioned on the DNA molecule and which DNA building blocks they have wrapped up under their tight control," P..." Pugh said. The overall sequence of DNA building blocks is different in each gene, but the underlying architecture is the same." To obtain their high-res...

Brain tissue reveals possible genetic trigger for schizophrenia

...he template from which the body's protein building blocks are made. MicroRNAs are a newly discovered class of mRNA that does not carry the code for a protein. Instead, these tiny strands of RNA act by binding to matching pieces of the protein coding mRNA, thus preventing the translation of mRNA to protein....

Research project tackles 'regeneration' gap

...who work with adult human stem cells ?the building blocks of self-renewal that exist within our brain, bone marrow and blood ?with scientists who study how tissues and limbs develop in a variety of organisms. "A salamander can be injured to the point that it loses its limbs or part of its spinal column,...

Gladstone investigators identify a new protective action for the powerful anti-HIV factor, APOBEC3G

... stimulus to move into action. In these cells, A3G blocks HIV at an early step in its life cycle. However, when resting CD4 T cells are stimulated by a foreign protein or other signal, A3G is rapidly recruited into large RNA protein complexes within the cells. This change neutralizes the anti-HIV properties...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

... enzyme discriminates among potential RNA building blocks to ensure the characteristic accuracy of the process. The researchers found that a portion of the enzyme known as the trigger loop acts like a “trap door,?swinging beneath a matching nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) building block, to close off the ac...

Solution to bacterial mystery promises new drugs

...cules called phospholipids, which are the building blocks of membranes. "We identified a biochemical proces... gram-positive bacteria make phospholipid building blocks remained a mystery for over more than two decades. Now, however, the St. Jude team reports that the ...

Weighty viruses

...ical processes, be used to infer how many building blocks are used to make up the shell of the virus or how many copies of the genetic material it contains. These highly precise measurements were made possible by the special structure of the ion trap; instead of a classic quadrupole ion trap, Chang and c...

Comprehensive model is first to map protein folding at atomic level

...e. Each of the body's 20 amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, is attracted or repulsed by water; it's largely these affinities that drive the contorting of proteins into distinctive three-dimensional shapes within the watery confines of a cell. The split-second folding of gangly protein chains into...

Scientists discover way to block growth of prostate cancer cells

...t of prostate cancer. They found that a drug that blocks this pathway significantly prolonged survival and ...rst report of a specific enzyme inhibitor MDL that blocks androgen-induced oxidative stress in the prostate and prevents spontaneous prostate tumour developme...

New research identifies gene important for nicotine's effects on the brain

... shows that using a genetically altered virus that blocks CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens blocks nicotine reward. "We and other researchers have begun to make very strong links between individual ...

New drug blocks influenza, including bird flu virus

...de -- a small protein molecule -- that effectively blocks the influenza virus from attaching to and entering the cells of its host, thwarting its ability to replicate and infect more cells. The new finding is important because it could make available a class of new antiviral drugs to prevent and treat inf...

Who gives stem cells their marching orders?

...nce the embryo has reached a critical size. "Whole blocks of chemical "programs" are triggered in a cascading fashion, with Nodal there to maintain the source of a concentration gradient," explains EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) professor Daniel Constam, lead researcher on the project. Cons...

Selecting life: Scientists find new way to search for origin of life

...nts to all life--such as amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and nucleic acids (the essence of DN...actions in the deep oceans. Some of these building blocks of life were attracted to specific mineral surfaces, where they collected, concentrated, and underwe...

Train your brain to hear your friends at a party

... the ferrets with a small earplug in one ear which blocks some of the sound and so mimics a hearing loss. They then got the ferrets to perform the same task twice a day for two weeks and made a startling discovery. At first, the ferrets' ability to identify where the sound was coming from was dramatically r...

T-beta-RIII joins the fight against breast cancer

... membrane, which releases soluble T-beta-RIII that blocks TGF-beta signaling. As low levels of T-beta-RIII were found to be associated with decreased recurrence-free survival of patients with breast cancer and loss of T-beta-RIII was found to begin before tumors became invasive, the authors suggest that ana...

Study illuminates how the plague bacteria causes disease

...y unrelated mammalian enzyme. That copycat protein blocks host cells' capacity to change shape and move, abilities important for cells of the immune system to track down and "eat" foreign invaders, the researchers explained. The discovery marks the second way in which this protein, called YpkA, compromise...

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