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Tag: "biomass" at biology news

UCSB scientists probe sea floor venting to gain understanding of early life on Earth

...ings," said Haymon. "Indeed, they are the greatest biomass on the planet. They are strongly implicated as the earliest life here and perhaps elsewhere." The direct linkages between life and planetary processes on the volcanically active, deep-sea, mid-ocean ridge system can only be understood through tightl...

Family trees of ancient bacteria reveal evolutionary moves

...t, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and biomass ?has concluded that these species got their start on Earth in freshwater systems on continents and gradually evolved to exist in brackish water environments, then higher salt ones, marine and hyper saline (salt crust) environments. Cyanobacteria are...

Microbial fuel cell: High yield hydrogen source and wastewater cleaner

...o coax four times as much hydrogen directly out of biomass than can be generated typically by fermentation al...ss is not limited to using only carbohydrate-based biomass for hydrogen production like conventional fermentation processes. We can theoretically use our MFC t...

Growth in biomass could put US on road to energy independence

...a national strategy in which 1 billion dry tons of biomass ?any organic matter that is available on a renewab...plying more than 3 percent of the nation's energy, biomass already has surpassed hydropower as the largest domestic source of renewable energy, and researchers...

Human Cells Filmed Instantly Messaging for First Time

...a national strategy in which 1 billion dry tons of biomass ?any organic matter that is available on a renewab...plying more than 3 percent of the nation's energy, biomass already has surpassed hydropower as the largest domestic source of renewable energy, and researchers...

Grass makes environmentally friendly biofuel

...they produce is much more favorable than for other biomass crops, the lack of government support prevents the industry from going forward, he says. Cherney has made a comparison of wood pellets with various mixes of grasses and the BTUs (British Thermal Units) produced per pound. He has found that grass pel...

Study of energy and health in Africa focuses spotlight on charcoal and forest management

...st situation in Africa would be to transition from biomass fuels to petroleum-based fossil fuels such as kerosene and liquid propane gas, the authors noted, which could prevent 1.3 to 3.7 million premature deaths, depending on the speed of transition. The authors argue, however, that current economic conditi...

Researchers Discover That Microbes Can Produce Miniature Electrical Wires

...ty to convert human and animal wastes or renewable biomass into electricity. To carry out these processes, Geobacter must transfer electrons outside the cell onto metals or electrodes. This new research provides an explanation of how this can happen. Previous studies in Lovley's laboratory demonstrated that...

Hybrid grass may prove to be valuable fuel source

...de by side, Miscanthus produces over twice as much biomass as switchgrass, Heaton said. To investigate how Miscanthus is so productive, Dohleman and others take measurements of photosynthesis throughout the day. He measures the intensity of the sun and then places a leaf in a chamber, allowing him to measur...

MSU researchers receive $4 million grant to uncover gene functions

...ore productive harvesters of the sun's energy into biomass to decrease dependence on oil," said Robert Last, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and plant biology at MSU. "We also will be able to more efficiently make nutrients important to human health. These include vitamins and heart-healthy o...

Ants, not evil spirits, create devil's gardens in the Amazon rainforest, study finds

...tes." The plants also benefit by increasing their biomass and eliminating the competition, says co-author Michael J. Greene, a former Sanford postdoctoral fellow, now assistant professor of biology at the University of Colorado-Denver. "This work is a truly remarkable example of how effectively ants can man...

Green diesel: New process makes liquid transportation fuel from plants

... percent of the dry weight of herbaceous and woody biomass is comprised of carbohydrates. Because the UW-Madi...umed to make fuel. "The current delivered cost of biomass is comparable or even cheaper than petroleum-based feedstock on an energy basis," Huber says. "This...

Making plant cells work like miniature factories

...result in harnessing plants to efficiently produce biomass for energy production, chemicals and materials for industry or pharmaceuticals, and untold thousands of other uses. "We know a lot about the genetic make-up of many plants, but we know very little about the chemical changes that take place within p...

Freeze-dried mats of microbes awaken in Antarctic streambed

... rate than mats in adjacent streambeds, increasing biomass productivity, she said. As photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria are believed by biologists to be among the first living organisms to colonize Earth. The mats generally are orange or black and consist of 10 to 15 different species of cyanobacteria, ...

Ethanol and biodiesel from crops not worth the energy

.... "There is just no energy benefit to using plant biomass for liquid fuel," says David Pimentel, professor o...producing ethanol from corn, switch grass and wood biomass as well as for producing biodiesel from soybean and sunflower plants. Their report is published in N...

Using the genomic shortcut to predict bacterial behavior

.... "There is just no energy benefit to using plant biomass for liquid fuel," says David Pimentel, professor o...producing ethanol from corn, switch grass and wood biomass as well as for producing biodiesel from soybean and sunflower plants. Their report is published in N...

Researchers find ways to turn manure into power

...sources are lighting a fire under research to turn biomass materials such as manure into energy. Texas Senat...ments research underway to determine how and where biomass can be used. The new law requires more renewable energy to be developed and used in the next 10 year...

Seeing the forest and the trees

...ed 52 billion tons of carbon stored in the Earth's biomass is found in tropical forests. By simulating different extinction scenarios and analyzing the resulting mix of tree species, the team was able to determine how much carbon the forest was able to hold. They found, for example, that converting tropic...

Scientists must offer solutions for conserving tropical forests in a rapidly changing world

...ears since 1985. Wright notes that the aboveground biomass on BCI was almost constant since the first census. But lianas increased substantially (from 9% to 13% of all leaf biomass) between 1986 and 2002. In another protected area, the Kibale National Park in Uganda, a 30-year record suggests that reproduct...

Breath of the dragon: ERS-2 and Envisat reveal impact of economic growth on China's air quality

...nts, heavy industry and road transport, along with biomass burning, lightning in the atmosphere and microbial activity in the soil. The emission of nitrogen oxides has increased about six-fold since pre-industrial times and in cities above a thousand times more NOX is present than in the pristine and remote ...

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