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Tag: "biochemical" at biology news

A natural chemical found in strawberries boosts memory in healthy mice

...ce the development of a basic understanding of the biochemical pathways involved in memory formation, the holy grail of CNS research in the pharmaceutical industry is the identification of a safe, orally active drug that activates memory-associated pathways and enhances memory," says lead author Pamela Maher, Ph...

PNAS study reveals why organs fail following massive trauma

... and organ failure, and has discovered several new biochemical pathways that play a central role, according to a ...y offers new evidence that an overwhelming wave of biochemical signals created by the innate response after massive trauma can mistakenly trigger anergy and apopto...

Mars mission Risk 29: Scientists research ways to reduce radiation-induced brain damage

...ed brains to obtain more precise details about the biochemical changes. To date, many scientists have suggested that reduced cognitive impairment results solely from the death of the brain's neurons. Britten believes other, more complex mechanisms are at work, processes that could be manipulated by NASA's medi...

Parkinson's mutation stunts neurons

... the LRRK2 protein is an enzyme called a kinase--a biochemical switch that activates other proteins by attaching a molecule called a phosphate to them. In their experiments, when the researchers generated mutant forms of the enzyme, they discovered that the mutants showed higher-than-normal enzymatic kinase a...

Study offers innovative profile of enzyme that aids tumor growth

...survey both the enzymatic proteome and its primary biochemical output, the metabolome," Cravatt said. So, the team drew both on proteomics-the large-scale study of the structure and function of proteins-and metabolomics-the systematic study of cellular processes, specifically their small-molecule metabolite ...

A new understanding of how cells defend themselves against bacterial pore-forming toxins

...n der Goot adds that a better understanding of the biochemical pathway that allows epithelial cells to survive an invasion by a pore-forming toxin will prove valuable as biomedical researchers try to develop drugs to fight antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that use these toxins as part of their hijacking ...

Detecting explosives with honeybees

...al units in the honey bee's antenna and looked for biochemical and molecular mechanisms that could advance their ability to be trained and retain their training for longer periods of time. ...

Complexity constrains evolution of human brain genes

...of protein sequences. The higher complexity of the biochemical network in the brain, they suspect, with multiple gene-gene interactions, places strong constraints on the ability of most brain-related genes to change. "We found that genes expressed in the human brain have in fact slowed down in their evolution...

Scientists find a key to immune system's ability to remember

...s important not only because it sheds light on the biochemical intricacies of immune system memory, but also beca...ollowing infection or vaccination, Lck initiates a biochemical chain of events that vastly increases the number of T cells that march off to combat the invader. ...

Cell wall of pneumonia bacteria can cause brain and heart damage

...urons and cardiomyocytes and triggers a cascade of biochemical signals called the PAFr-beta-arrestin 1 pathway. The St. Jude researchers reported that this pathway is responsible for bacterial uptake into these cells. Furthermore, the researchers succeeded in blocking a key enzyme of this pathway in cardiomyocty...

Found -- the apple gene for red

...utes, giving us plenty of reasons to study how the biochemical pathway leading to apple colour is regulated." A Post Doctoral Fellow with the team, Dr Adam Takos, used the latest molecular technology to measure how much particular genes were activated, or expressed, in apple skin as the fruit ripened and colou...

Key gene controlling eye lens development identified

...ns will ultimately form in response to a series of biochemical signals. Following this systematic approach, the St. Jude team demonstrated that Six3 plays its important role in the PLE. The investigators also showed that a key consequence of removing Six3 during early development is that the PLE fails to undergo...

New mechanism explains glucose effect on wakefulness

... in brain slices from the mice and perform precise biochemical and electrophysiological studies to explore how glucose acted on those neurons. In particular, the researchers performed experiments in which they exposed the neurons to the subtle changes in glucose levels known to occur in daily cycles of hunger an...

ABCB6 is key to production of heme in hemoglobin

...es to the overall picture of how disruption of the biochemical pathway of heme production can cause a variety of serious diseases." ...

Analysis of breast-cancer gene role offers promising target

...a patient will respond to. The gene launches a biochemical process in which a molecule called plasmin perfora...arch Program and a coauthor of the study, said the biochemical process triggered by uPAR, called the urokinase plasminogen activator system, is one of the breast-c...

High-tech research shows cocaine changes proteins and brain function

...ide future animal studies to further delineate the biochemical changes that comprise the addicted brain," said Hemby, associate professor of physiology and pharmacology. The researchers compared the proteome (the entire complement of proteins expressed at a given time) between the two groups by separating all ...

Free radical cell death switch identified

... programmed death. The discovery of the MST-FOXO biochemical switch mechanism fills a gap in our understanding of how oxidative stress elicits biological responses in neurons, and may include besides cell death, neuronal dysfunction and neuronal recovery. Since oxidative stress in neurons and other cells in t...

No-mow grass may be coming to your yard soon

..., brassinosteroid perception leads to a cascade of biochemical events that alter the ability of key proteins to dimerize and activate gene expression within a cell's nucleus. In plants, there are scores of genes involved in growth and development that can be influenced by brassinosteroids, Chory noted. "Many o...

Newborn screening can cause unnecessary parental stress

...s born in the U.S. each year undergo screening for biochemical genetic disorders, with severe disorders detected in about 3,000. One recent study suggests that there are at least 12 false-positive results for every true case diagnosed*; another puts the ratio at more than 50:1.** ...

Surprising symbiosis: Glassy-winged sharpshooter eats with friends

...entists were dumbstruck to find no evidence of the biochemical pathways needed to synthesize amino acids. Could the plant be somehow providing amino acids to its insect predator? Unlikely. Was the sharpshooter somehow cranking out its own amino acids? Doubtful. Could there be something else, some other bacteria,...

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