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Tag: "biochemical" at biology news

Grape expectations for healthier wine

...ells, it could be that the ozone is perceived as a biochemical insult. Andrew Waterhouse, Chair of the Department of Viticulture at University of California, Davis, said that because wine growers don't store grapes for prolonged periods, they are unlikely to use ozone in any preservation process. He agreed, h...

Keeping the body in sync -- The stability of cellular clocks

...bility of cellular oscillators depends on specific biochemical processes, reflecting recent association studies in families affected by advanced sleep phase syndrome. Circadian rhythms are cyclical changes in physiology, gene expression, and behavior that run on a cycle of approximately one day, even in condi...

Scientists use nanoparticle to discover disease-causing proteins

...d, researchers can't obtain an accurate picture of biochemical mechanisms related to illnesses such as cancer and...carry genetic messages throughout the cell causing biochemical changes that can determine whether a cell behaves normally or abnormally. Proteins also are importan...

Scientists find new genes for Crohn's disease

...une cell receptor for interleukin-23, an important biochemical mediator of inflammation in the body. However, mutations in these two genes alone cannot account for the entire genetic component of the disease. To identify additional genes that are associated with Crohn's, the researchers scanned more than 300,...

New study may show how to forestall a fatal, virus-caused immune-system meltdown

... a virus infects a person, it triggers a series of biochemical reactions in immune-system cells that literally ma...ton (UTMB) believe they’ve found a way to spot the biochemical profile of an inappropriate immune response to viral infection ?an important step toward developing ...

Protein sensor for fatty acid buildup in mitochondria

...triggering the production of a key molecule in the biochemical pathway that breaks down these fatty acids, accord...esults of this study show how and where a critical biochemical pathway for fatty acid breakdown is controlled by a specific enzyme," said Charles Rock, Ph.D., a me...

DNA ends: Common tool, different job

...t author Hua Gao tested this model, using detailed biochemical experiments which revealed that Stn1 and Ten1 behave just like their counterparts in the conventional RPA complex. However, Stn1 and Ten1 have the same predilection for single-stranded telomeric DNA as Cdc13, thereby helping to ensure that this compl...

How genetic malfunction causes a form of retardation

... of NS cases are caused by a genetic mutation in a biochemical switch called SHP-2. SHP-2 is involved in molecular pathways regulating development of brain cells. The NS mutations cause SHP-2 to be constantly activated. Specifically, SHP-2 plays a role in the pathways governing differentiation of immature pre...

Chemical switch triggers critical cell activities

...e cell, this NEDD8 relay race triggers a number of biochemical reactions, one of which takes the brakes off cell ...l comparable relays in charge of several different biochemical activities that keep cells alive and functioning normally." Schulman, a Howard Hughes Medical Instit...

Statin plus cancer drug deliver combo punch to brain cancer cells

...discovered genetic threads in the rich tapestry of biochemical signals that cause cancer, a Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center team has dramatically killed brain cancer cells by blocking those signals with a statin and an experimental antitumor drug. The unlikely pairing of cholesterol-lowering lovastatin and c...

Primitive yeast yields secrets of human cholesterol and drug metabolism

...rectly works with P450s and not through some other biochemical steps, Espenshade’s team tested the ability of human Dap1 protein to bind to four of the 57 known human P450 enzymes, essentially challenging Dap1 to bind to P450s that perform totally different functions in different cells as a way to see how far-re...

Cells use 'noise' to make cell-fate decisions

...ronic devices. But within cells, a similar kind of biochemical "noise" is beneficial, helping cells transform fro...etic circuits," each composed of a distinct set of biochemical reactions that contribute to some biological process. Randomness in those reactions contributes to b...

Microfluidic chip helps solve cellular mating puzzle

Using a biochemical version of a computer chip, a team led by Johns Hopkins researchers has solved a long-standing mystery related to the mating habits of yeast cells. The findings, described in the Feb. 18 Advance Online Publication of the journal Nature, shed new l...

Scientists produce neurons from human skin

...ook on the oblong shape typical of neurons. At the biochemical level, researchers discovered that in the days following the start of the experiment, the cells began producing markers and molecules associated with the transmission of nerve impulse between neurons. "This suggests the beginning of synapse formation...

Protein found that slows hepatitis C growth in liver cells

...atitis C virus replicates, the paper describes the biochemical pathways that lead to PAK1 activation and the specific mechanisms by which PAK1 interferes with the ability of hepatitis C to hijack liver cells and make more copies of itself. “Our findings reveal a novel cellular control pathway that regulates t...

Gene key to taste bud development identified

...nto several different cell types depending on what biochemical instructions they receive. "Not only did we find that SOX2 is crucial for the development of taste buds, but we showed that the amount of SOX2 is just as important," said Brigid Hogan, Ph.D., chair of the Duke University Medical Center Department o...

Key to zebrafish heart regeneration uncovered

...stema. As the progenitor cells receive the correct biochemical cue, they turn into distinct cell types, such as b...rt muscle can grow." The researchers found that biochemical signaling between the blastema and the epicardium is controlled in part by proteins called fibroblas...

Solution to bacterial mystery promises new drugs

A 25-year quest to identify the first biochemical step that many disease-causing bacteria use to bui...h Hospital. The finding is significant because the biochemical step the antibiotic would block is not used by humans. Therefore, such a drug would not cause danger...

New way of tracking muscle damage from radiation

...o look into the body and study the microscopic and biochemical changes that are occurring in each patient after radiation therapy," Krasin said. The team made 60 images of the same area, including a dynamic view of what was happening in the muscles during a six-minute period following infusion of gadolinium, ...

Comprehensive model is first to map protein folding at atomic level

...roteins evolved and how proteins recognize correct biochemical partners within living cells. The technique, which can track protein folding for some 10 microseconds -- about as long as some proteins take to assume their biologically stable configuration, and at least a thousand times longer than previous method...

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