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Tag: "begin" at biology news

Lack of key enzyme associated with development of rare tumor

..."second messengers," often stimulating the cell to begin an activity. In the case of adrenal cells, cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, may stimulate cell growth or other activities. Once the activity has ended, phosphodiesterases degrade the cyclic nucleotides, thereby halting the cel...

A single sugar found responsible for an antibody's ability to treat inflammation

...dentify and deactivate foreign invaders. When they begin attacking the body's own cells, the same protective immunoglobulins (known as IgG antibodies) can cause autoimmune disorders like lupus, arthritis and asthma. And yet, when IVIG is infused into people with those exact autoimmune conditions, it calms ...

Leptin found to control appetite and limb development in frogs

...s that they've had enough to eat now, and they can begin sprouting limbs. "Leptin gets a lot of attention for its role in food intake, but it's clear that it does lots of other jobs," he said. The hormone is known to be part of a family of proteins called cytokines that includes pituitary growth hormone,...

Gut microbes' partnership helps body extract energy from food, store it as fat

... our colons, such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, begin a fermentation process that breaks down these nutrients so that the stored calories can be liberated and absorbed. But B. thetaiotaomicron doesn't just work in a simple partnership with its host. The human gut contains hundreds, and perhaps thousa...

Large dinosaurs were extremely hot in their day, UF study finds

...n get before the proteins in their bodies actually begin to break down. In fact, the size of the largest dinosaurs may ultimately have been limited by their body temperatures, according to a team of scientists from the UF Genetics Institute, the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Sa...

New bird flu drug promises to beat the problem of resistance

...f resistance problems as current treatments should begin clinical trials within the next three years, thank...ll then need to refine the delivery mechanisms and begin trials that will ensure its efficacy in patients. ...

Researchers unveil strategy for creating actively-programmed anti-cancer molecules

...tream, anchor down in a distant tissue or organ to begin a new cancer-remains a critically important goal. The most recent figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that more than 200,000 U.S. women are diagnosed with new cases of invasive breast cancer each year and that more th...

Federal testing for mad cow disease a failure, law review editor says

... the USDA to end its head-in-the-sand approach and begin "a mix of mandatory and voluntary testing to ensure the largest possible number of cattle are tested, while working to open foreign markets for American beef on the basis of the reliability of that testing," Berlowitz said. The law editor faulted th...

Brain-computer link lets paralyzed patients convert thoughts into actions

...olled. For each trial patient, training sessions begin soon after the sensor is inserted. The volunteer is asked to imagine moving one hand as if he were controlling the computer mouse. The researchers study the data and build filters to convert patterns of neural spikes into two- dimensional commands. ...

Surprise finding for stretched DNA

... 30 picoNewton threshold, the DNA double helix did begin to unwind in accordance with predictions. "DNA's helical structure implies that twisting and stretching should be coupled, hence the prediction that DNA should unwind when stretched," said biophysicist Carlos Bustamante, who led this experiment. "...

Defense peptide found in primates may block some human HIV transmissions

... need to be completed before clinical trials could begin no earlier than 2009. Cole's findings were published in the June 1 issue of The Journal of Immunology, a top journal in the fields of immunology, molecular biology and microbiology. ...

First-ever genomic test predicts which lung cancer patients need chemotherapy to live

...ator of the upcoming clinical trial. The trial, to begin within six months, will enroll more than 1,000 patients at multiple centers in the United States and Canada. "If we can use the test to increase patient survival by even 5 percent, we would save 10,000 lives a year," Harpole said. The Duke resea...

Basic work on E. coli identifies two new keys to regulation of bacterial gene expression

...A chain that tell RNA polymerase when and where to begin transcription, and how much product to make from specific genes. Gourse's group found that there is a specific region within DNA promoters that makes contact with a highly conserved but previously underappreciated segment of the sigma subunit of RN...

Think fast! Rice undergrad unlocks nerve speed secret

...me for signal transmission," said Schaub, who will begin graduate school at Stanford University in the fall. "The nerve cell can almost instantaneously pass on its information." McNew said the finding is independently confirmed by work published online June 22 by Science magazine. In that study, Columbia...

Mussels evolve quickly to defend against invasive crabs

...ng his doctoral work by October 2006, when he will begin a post-doctoral position with UNH research associate professor Fred Short. Freeman notes that there's one predator mussels will not need to defend themselves against: him. "I used to like them, before I started working with them for my dissertatio...

New light microscope sharpens scientists' focus

... a good set of data," Betzig noted. "Now if we can begin to refine this technique, we should really be able to take it to a lot of new applications." ...

T cells activated to fight HIV basis for dendritic cell therapeutic vaccine

...linical trial of the vaccine, which is expected to begin later this year. "The goal of the approach is to teach killer T cells to more efficiently find, detect and destroy HIV infected cells. Our vaccine, as an immunotherapy, is custom-designed to target the unique virus that has evolved in each individu...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...orrect amino acid into proteins. Although proteins begin as long strings of amino acids, they are ultimately folded into intricate three-dimensional shapes in order to function properly. Malformed proteins resulting from serine substitution could fold improperly, clogging and eventually killing cells. W...

Injection may prevent infertility in men receiving cancer chemotherapy

... caused by the immune reaction to it. We hope to begin clinical studies in cancer patients in the next few months." ...

A new tool against brain disease

... testing of drugs that block the PD-1 switch could begin very soon, since such drugs exist already. However, he cautioned that these kinds of drugs could cause serious side effects, including autoimmune reactions that trigger the immune system to attack the body. Walker added that the researchers' findings...

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