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Tag: "base" at biology news

Analysis of rhesus monkey genome uncovers genetic differences with humans, chimps

... 'single nucleotide polymorphisms' or SNPs (single base DNA differences) that can be used for future analysis of inheritance of biomedically important traits in rhesus. The rhesus genomic DNA samples used for these studies were contributed by the California NPRC, Oregon NPRC, Southwest NPRC and Yerkes NP...

New study sheds light on 'dark states' in DNA

... 10-50 percent of the time, depending on which DNA base is excited, and whether a sugar molecule is attached to the base or not. Next, Kohler's lab is investigating whether the dark state can be linked to DNA damage. ...

Wheat can fatally starve insect predators

... plant development so that cells in leaves and the base of the plant where the insects feed pump out nutri..., the resulting tiny, red larvae crawl down to the base of the wheat where they feed on the plant. If the plant isn't resistant to the insect, the larvae in...

World's largest flower evolved from family of much tinier blooms

...ved deeper into the genome, looking at some 11,500 base pairs of DNA to determine that the giant flower's closest relatives are in the Euphorbiaceae family, many of which have blossoms just a few millimeters in diameter. "The power of nucleic acid comparisons is revealed as well as ever in this stunning...

Twin studies reveal genetic components leading to cardiac and kidney disease

...eritability. The human genome has three billion base pairs and about 30,000 genes. O’Connor and his research team have looked at about 900 of these 30,000 genes. "We’re just scratching the surface," he said. The researchers hope to more densely and systematically evaluate genotypes by studying b...

Antarctic warming to reduce animals at base of ecosystem, shift some penguin populations southward

... diminished the abundance of krill that are at the base of the massive food chain at the bottom of the world. "We're already seeing the marine ecosystems respond dramatically to increases in temperatures along the Antarctic Peninsula," explained Berry Lyons, professor in the School of Earth Sciences a...

Einstein's tea leaves inspire new blood separation technique

...der of liquid that is rotated at the top while the base remains stationary. To satisfy a zero-velocity condition at the base, an inward force near the bottom of the liquid is generated, suppressing the centrifugal force there. Thus the microscopic particles spiral inward toward the bottom of the chamber l...

Triplex assay used to assay duplex genomic DNA

Direct detection of base sequence in duplex nucleic acid has long been an u...iagnostic assay allows for the direct detection of base sequence in human genomic duplex samples, thereby obviating the use of PCR which has inherent proble...

Mosquito genes explain response to climate change

... The newly created map contains 900 million DNA base pairs. There are three billion base pairs in humans. As various genome maps are being completed, scientists now face the task of determi...

Living with water scarcity -- world must act now

...rsity, and we need to protect the natural resource base on which it depends. We need to be more proactive in our policies and reform processes, crafting water institutions to meet local needs. And we need to place the means of getting out of poverty into the hands of poor people by focusing on water as ...

Scientists identify specific enzymes that make meningitis hard to fight

... to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress damages the base chemical compounds of the bacteria's DNA. This should lead to cell death and the defeat of the bacteria. However, the virulent meningitis bacteria are able to repair this harmful damage and are therefore unaffected by the body's defences. The rese...

Immunization rates hit record high in poor countries

...few years after infestation, feeding on the sap at base of their needles and cutting off their nutrients. While the adelgid, originally from Japan and China, appears to have no successful predators in North America, some native fungi—like the one Costa and Grassano have growing on branches in their lab...

Scientists reveal structure of gateways to gene control

...apping positions on the DNA molecule, typically 10 base pairs apart, which exactly matches the periodic rotation of the DNA double helix. "It is striking how well these positions match with the architecture of the DNA as it wraps around the nucleosome's protein core," Pugh said. This result powerfully...

Fungal factories may save hemlock forests

...few years after infestation, feeding on the sap at base of their needles and cutting off their nutrients. While the adelgid, originally from Japan and China, appears to have no successful predators in North America, some native fungi—like the one Costa and Grassano have growing on branches in their lab...

Biologists call for better choice of model organisms in 'evo-devo'

.... "Just because an organism has sprung from the base of the evolutionary tree does not make it more primitive and representative. "Equally, those that became separate species further down the evolutionary line are not necessarily increasingly different from that common ancestor. "Among living sp...

Protein averts cell suicide but might contribute to cancer

... It's at this point when Dpo4 jumps in. It adds a base opposite the gap and then leaves, allowing the DNA...averts cell suicide, but the gap ?and the stop-gap base ?might become a mutation that, in conjunction with later genetic damage, causes the cell to eventual...

Faster, low cost sequencing technologies needed to drive era of personalized medicine

... have fallen 100-fold, from roughly a dollar a DNA base to a penny, but are still far out of reach for the...on would enable scientists to sequence billions of base pairs of DNA in a single day. This is the size of an average mammalian genome and is approximately 1...

Osteoarthritis may be sign of faster 'biological ageing'

...he Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. The authors base their findings on a study of almost 1100 people, a... that accrued over 11 years in healthy people (178 base pairs). Telomere length was also significantly associated with the severity of osteoarthritis. The...

Men with prostate cancer avoid radiation due to misconceptions

...g in Philadelphia. "The study shows that patients base their treatment choice not only on technical information, but also on cultural and personal prejudices," said Riccardo Valdagni, M.D., an author of the study and head of the Prostate Programme at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori in ...

Nobel Laureate finds 'elegant' explanation for DNA transcribing enzyme's high fidelity

... operates with high fidelity—selecting the correct base and sugar—but it’s been a mystery how that is acco...mon features include an unwound region of about 15 base pairs of the DNA with some eight residues of the RNA transcript hybridized with the DNA in the cente...

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