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Tag: "barrier" at biology news

Gut protein found to protect against infection and intestinal breakdown

...p keep intact the lining of the intestine, a major barrier against the infiltration of infectious microorganisms. That's no small task; if the innermost lining of the small intestine alone were unfolded, it would be the size of a tennis court. When there's no bile in the intestine, as happens in people with...

Do plants have the potential to vaccinate against HIV?

...iversity of Warwick say they have overcome a major barrier that has so far frustrated attempts to turn plants into economically viable "bioreactors" for vaccines. By creating fusion molecules, the researchers have found a way to make plants produce more of the molecules (antigens) needed for vaccines. At th...

Research could lead to better drugs and whiter whites

... reaction by allowing matter to 'flow through' the barrier ?a process known as quantum mechanical tunnelling. "We have provided new insight into how enzymes work from painstaking efforts of a large interdisciplinary group based on detailed experimental observations and theoretical analysis at the atomic lev...

Lack of basic research putting patients at risk

...mples exist where a lack of basic data is the main barrier for effective treatment in routine practice. For instance, little is known about the reliability of diagnosing stroke and, until very recently, no reliable data existed on the early risk of stroke in certain patients. Countless patients have suffere...

UCSD team unmasks family of immune system invaders

... cells form a protective wall without any doors, a barrier that blocks bacterial entry from the intestine and colon into the rest of the body. However, bacterial pathogens can inject effector proteins into the intestinal epithelial cells, creating a door in the barrier. "As a result, these bacteria protein...

Born with a love of speech

...eech sounds actually get through the uterine sound barrier to the fetus? According to Dr. Vouloumanos, the best evidence indicates that the uterine environment acts as a low-pass filter. This means that only very low, deep sounds ?those below about 400 Hertz ?make it to a fetus' ear. Dr. Vouloumanos and col...

Ahead of the game

...mans spread beyond the traditional biogeographical barrier [of] Neanderthal mobility represented by the Caucasus Mountains." ...

Predicting success

...e fluids rises above a certain level, it acts as a barrier that keeps drugs and other materials from entering the tumor. The method the Institute scientists developed can measure, with a non-invasive MRI scan, whether the fluid pressure in cancer tissues is at levels that could render chemotherapy ineffect...

Satellites show Amazon parks, indigenous reserves stop forest clearing

...ion in parks ?and are currently the most important barrier to Amazon deforestation. Some conservationists argue that with acculturation to market society, indigenous peoples will cease to protect forests. But the authors found that virtually all indigenous lands substantially inhibit deforestation up to 400...

Experimental vaccine protects nonhuman primates when given after exposure to Marburg virus

...gs do not show good penetration of the blood-brain barrier further puts the brain at risk, since the brain is infected soon after HIV exposure and infection." While previous studies had linked end-stage dementia due to HIV to the presence of infected and activated immune cells, the nature of neurological ch...

Immune response to HIV in the brain

...gs do not show good penetration of the blood-brain barrier further puts the brain at risk, since the brain is infected soon after HIV exposure and infection." While previous studies had linked end-stage dementia due to HIV to the presence of infected and activated immune cells, the nature of neurological ch...

Biologists discover new pathway into plant cells

...is just a protein by itself crossing the cell wall barrier without disrupting its integrity. This is a significant fundamental advance in our understanding of plant biology." The research was done with a pathogenic fungus that causes tan spot of wheat, a costly plant disease that is found around the world, ...

Performing monkeys in Asia carry viruses that could jump species to humans

... little-known path for viruses to jump the species barrier from monkeys to humans and eventually cause human ...iginated as a primate virus and jumped the species barrier to humans when African bushmeat hunters came into contact with blood from infected animals. Howeve...

Langerhans cells regulate immune reactions in the skin

... dendritic cells in the skin. Skin is an important barrier to infection and it has been generally assumed that the Langerhans cells only serve to warn the immune system of skin pathogens. According to the study, featured on the cover of the December 15 issue of Immunity, Langerhans cells are not required a...

Engineered Stem Cells Show Promise For Sneaking Drugs Into The Brain

... structures, and it is fortified with a protective barrier erected by blood vessels and glial cells -- the br...ound a new way to sneak drugs past the blood-brain barrier by engineering and implanting progenitor brain cells derived from stem cells to produce and deliver ...

Genetic analysis of Asian elephants in India reveals some surprises

...mountain range, was found to act a biogeographical barrier between the two in that case. "It is interesting...e Brahmaputra seems to have been a biogeographical barrier for several species," the authors write in their most recent study. "Population genetic studies of o...

Genetic defenders protect crops from fungal disease

...lled haustoria. The plant cell wall is the primary barrier to this invasion and one of the defense genes described in the current study, called PEN2, prevents the fungus from penetrating cell walls in the first place. If this first line of defense breaks down, as it does in about 5 to 25 percent of normal ...

First big influenza genome study reveals flu evolution

...ry birds in Asia and Russia, will jump the species barrier into humans and trigger a new pandemic. Although researchers first isolated the influenza virus in 1933, they still don't fully understand how the virus evolves. Influenza is an RNA virus that contains eight separate RNA segments encoding genes fo...

Researchers identify molecular anchor that allows bacterial invasion of central nervous system

... to penetrate the normally impermeable blood-brain barrier in order to enter the central nervous system and c...nted to see how bacteria interact with blood-brain barrier cells to begin the process of crossing over into the nervous system." The team began by looking for...

Study uncovers placental microtransfusions lead to transmission of AIDS virus during childbirth

...big -- usually too big to pass through the natural barrier that protects babies from disease-causing organisms mothers sometimes carry before birth," Meshnick said. "We figured that if we found it in blood from the umbilical cord, which links the placenta to the baby, that would be an indication of mixing, t...

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