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Tag: "bacterium" at biology news

Global analysis of membrane proteins

...nearly all of the membrane proteins in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli. Their study is published this we...e also identified those membrane proteins that the bacterium can manufacture in large amounts, and those that it has difficulties to make. This information is im...

Roots Engage in Underground Chemical Warfare

.... One particular strain of Pseudomonas syringae, a bacterium that causes disease in both tomatoes and Arabidops...fe mechanism to overcome the plant's defenses. The bacterium not only survives exposure to the antimicrobial substances, it also blocks the plant's ability to pr...

Advancements In Genomics Foster Deep Sea Discoveries

... the genetic makeup of Photobacterium profundum, a bacterium that copes with pressures of 4,000 pounds per square inch. The researchers grow the microbes in high-pressure cylinders kept cold and dark in Bartlett’s laboratory at Scripps. Bartlett’s past genetic analyses revealed a creature that can sense chang...

Could microbes solve Russia's chemical weapons conundrum?

One of nature's most versatile microorganisms ?a bacterium called Pseudomonas putida ?could help mop up the toxic by-products caused by the destruction of the chemical weapon mustard, write Russian researchers in Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jctb) this m...

To Stop Evolution: New Way Of Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Demonstrated By Scripps Scientists

...he team describes how a protein called LexA in the bacterium Escherichia coli promotes mutations and helps the ...y and open the floodgates for evolution. Take the bacterium Escherichia coli for instance. When E. coli cells are subjected to damage, they upregulate repair en...

Wake Forest scientists find new combination vaccine effective against plague

Plague, a bacterium that ravaged Europe in the Middle Ages and is toda...llenged with a lethal dose of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes plague, "the immune mice survived but the control mice succumbed in three days." Mizel ...

Where bacteria get their genes

...eriophages act as shuttles, taking up DNA from one bacterium and dumping it into another. Bacteria can also make contact by tiny connection tubes through which they exchange pieces of DNA. They can also take up genetic material from the environment. Ochman thinks the team's findings will stir new research in ...

Chemical Engineer Kao Explores Antibiotic Synthesis With DNA Chips

...n. Instead of increasing the length of time that a bacterium produces the antibiotic--the case with erythromycin--these two genes allow the bacterium to produce it faster. Again, the specific mutations eluded Kao's group. Currently, the researchers ...

Scientists identify genes responsible for 'black rot' disease in vegetables

...Research. "Black rot" is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (or Xcc). Under favorable conditions (high humidity and temperature), Xcc infects vegetable crops by spreading through the plants' vascular tissues, turning the veins in their leaves yellow and black, and ca...

Active Vaccine Prevents Mice From Developing Prion Disease

... a genetically modified strain of Salmonella. This bacterium is also used in several animal vaccines and in human vaccines for cholera and typhoid fever. Among mice vaccinated prior to prion exposure, approximately 30% remained alive and symptom-free for 500 days, according to the study. By comparison, mice th...

Leprosy genome tells story of human migrations, French researchers report in Science

... treatable with a combination of antibiotics. The bacterium has long puzzled researchers because its genome is...s and in armadillos (which might have acquired the bacterium by eating infected human cadavers), and it can also grow in the footpads of mice. Cole and his inte...

New vaccine means bye-bye to bacteria in the lung

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that can cause respiratory tract infections, which can be life threatening in patients who have cystic fibrosis. It is therefore important to develop a vaccine against this pathogen. Appearing online on 1 April 2005 in advance of print publication of...

Understanding how bacteria communicate may help scientists prevent disease

.... How do bacteria know how many are present? Each bacterium releases a small molecule, called an autoinducer. Each bacterium also has receptors ?proteins on its cell surface -- to sense autoinducers. As the amount of autoindu...

Critical step traced in anthrax infection

...ppear in the July 29 issue of Science. An anthrax bacterium secretes three nontoxic proteins that assemble into a toxic complex on the surface of the host cell to set off a chain of events leading to cell toxicity and death. Protective antigen (PA) is one of these proteins, and after binding to the cell, seve...

Genome study of beneficial microbe may help boost plant health

...deciphered the genome of a root- and seed-dwelling bacterium that protects plants from diseases. The research provides clues to better explain how the helpful microbe, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5, naturally safeguards roots and seeds from infection by harmful microbes that cause plant diseases. The genome pa...

Studies reveal how plague disables immune system, and how to exploit the process to make a vaccine

...way, a molecular syringe that Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that may have killed more people throughout history than any other infectious disease, uses to disable its host's immune system. "Yersinia pestis is the nastiest thing alive," said study author Olaf Schneewind, M.D., Ph.D., professor and chairman of...

Bacterial genome sheds light on synthesizing cancer-fighting compounds

...ubstances. Scientists recently discovered that the bacterium Prochloron didemnii, which lives symbiotically ins...ly cultivate Prochloron in the laboratory once the bacterium was isolated from the sea squirt. Because samples of Prochloron were easily contaminated with remnan...

Proteomics brings researchers closer to understanding microbes that produce acid mine drainage

...w proteins produced by the Leptospirillum group II bacterium appears to be a key protein in the production of acid mine drainage. The protein, a cytochrome, oxidizes iron, and thus controls the rate of production of acid mine drainage. "This is how it gets its food, this is its mechanism for harvesting energy...

Where Bacteria Get Their Genes

...eriophages act as shuttles, taking up DNA from one bacterium and dumping it into another. Bacteria can also make contact by tiny connection tubes through which they exchange pieces of DNA. They can also take up genetic material from the environment. Ochman thinks the team's findings will stir new research in ...

Specialized immune-system B cells play double-barreled role

...ed to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacterium that causes pneumonia. They found that the mice lacking B-1a cells were susceptible to infection, showing they lacked the natural antibodies of the innate immune system. Yet, these mice could be protected by immunization, which activated their adapti...

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