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Tag: "average" at biology news

Helium helps patients breathe easier

...e (COPD) to increase their exercise capacity by an average of 245 per cent. COPD is a disease of the lungs caused by smoking and includes the conditions of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. This was the first study to demonstrate that helium-hyperoxia (40 per cent oxygen, 60 per cent helium) improves the...

Despite their heft, many dinosaurs had surprisingly tiny genomes

...that active repetitive DNA might have comprised an average 12 percent of the ornithischian genome but just 8.4 percent of theropod genetic constitution. The work indicates that the small genomes typically associated with birds -- whose genetic composition is noticeably sparer than that of other vertebrate...

Human's ecological footprint in 2015 and Amazonia revealed

...of population have little effect. Modeling global average productivity to compare environmental tradeoffs and human-induced stressors in the environment Thomas Dietz (Michigan State University), Eugene Rosa (Washington State University) and Richard York (University of Oregon) studied the impact of humans on...

The penalty of having a sister -- why sibling sex matters for male saiga antelopes

...s that size matters for males - being smaller than average is one of the major limiting factors for reproductive success. Aline Kühl from Imperial College London's Division of Biology, lead author of the paper, explains that although they do not yet understand the precise mechanism behind this suboptimal...

Study calculates patient time costs associated with cancer care

... During the first 12 months after diagnosis, the average length of time for hospitalization was highest for patients with gastric and ovarian cancers (21.1 and 20.8 days) and shortest for patients with melanoma (2.2 days), prostate cancer (3.8 days) and breast cancer (4.0 days). Compared to similar people ...

Study examines risk of soft tissue sarcomas in hereditary retinoblastoma survivors

...rs in New York and Boston and were followed for an average of 25.2 years. More than half of the patients were younger than 1 year old when diagnosed, and most (88.2 percent) of the patients were treated with radiation. A total of 69 soft tissue sarcomas were diagnosed in 68 hereditary retinoblastoma pati...

Children who sleep more weigh less

...udy found that on weeknights, 7-year-olds slept on average less than 10 hours. By age 14, weekday sleep time fell to 8.5 hours. “Our results suggest that many American children are not sleeping enough,?said lead researcher Emily K. Snell of the School of Education and Social Policy and the Institute for P...

Remote sheep population resists genetic drift

...species of sheep, with the ewes able to produce an average of more than five offspring in a four-year lifespan. The Haute Island mouflon population peaked around 700 in the 1970s and since then has bounced between 200 and 600. Coltman and his colleagues were able to trace the DNA of the original Haute Isl...

Newborn brains grow vision and movement regions first

...les and females; the left side of the brain was on average 4.3 percent larger than the right side. While these findings are intriguing, Gilmore said, they just scratch the surface of an area that has been little studied so far and in which much more research needs to be done. "This study gives us the fi...

Fitness has fallen since the days of Ancient Greece

... Rossiter: "From these details we can estimate the average sustainable ship speeds. Then, using the reconstruction we measured the metabolic demands of the human engine required to sustain these speeds. If the historians are correct, we would struggle to find enough people at that level of fitness today to p...

A new study of living cells could revolutionize the way we test drugs

...ent of a cellular ‘heartbeat? "Once we know the average or usual pattern of electrical activity in a cell, we can see how different drugs affect it," says Professor Geim. This would put an early safeguard into the system that could be applied long before the drug was tested on animals or even humans. In ...

Radiation therapy combo cures prostate cancer long-term

...nts had T2b-T3 disease and the entire group had an average pre-treatment PSA of 15 ng/ml. Seed implants, also called brachytherapy, are small radioactive pellets, each about the size of a grain of rice. The seeds are inserted into the prostate through small needles during a brief outpatient procedure. Ext...

Robotic therapy helps restore hand use after stroke

...." __IMAGE_2 In the UCI study, each patient, average age 63, received 15 two-hour therapy sessions, spr... their ability to grasp and release objects. Their average score on an Action Research Arm Test -- which measures the ability to perform such real-world tasks ...

Chemo combination improves survival in asbestos-related cancer

...ghty-one percent of the patients were men, with an average age of 61. Patients who received the combination treatment survived an average 2.8 months longer. Patients receiving both medications also reported improved quality of life in...

Shedding new light on proteorhodopsin

...urrents. At the highest azide concentrations, the average cell velocity increased 70-percent upon green light illumination. In the control study, normal E. coli cells, which do not not express proteorhodopsin, had no response to the green light. The next step in this work, Liphardt said, is to optimize th...

Indicators for risk of heart disease are higher in passive smokers

...iovascular risk. While the cotinine levels were on average only about 0.1 percent of those in active smokers, the apparent effects of passive smoking on the biomarkers were about one-third to one-half those for active smoking." The associations with fibrinogen and homocysteine observed in the study transl...

Darwin's famous finches and Venter's marine microbes

...own protein families. Each of these profiles is an average of all known members of a certain protein family. "Instead of starting with a human kinase to find a bacterial kinase, for example, you start with all of them together, which makes the search much more sensitive, but also very computationally expe...

20-year study shows significant rise in childhood obesity, especially among girls

...ht or obese than boys. For example, in 2002 the average ten-year-old girl was 2.1 per cent taller and 13.4 per cent heavier than her 1982 counterpart, with a 13.3 per cent increase in BMI. Boys were, on average, 1.1 per cent taller and 7.6 per cent heavier, with a 5.1 per cent increase in BMI. 540 ch...

New biofuels process promises to meet all US transportation needs

... the amount of biomass needed," Agrawal said. "The average energy efficiency of growing crops is typically less than 1 percent, whereas the energy efficiency of photovoltaic cells to split water into hydrogen and oxygen is about 8-10 percent. I am getting hydrogen at a higher efficiency than I get biomass, m...

World's largest flower evolved from family of much tinier blooms

...rgo comparable evolutionary growth, Davis says, an average man would end up some 146 meters tall, roughly the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Because rafflesia lacks the genes most commonly used to trace plant ancestry, the scientists delved deeper into the genome, looking at some 11,500 base pairs of...

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