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Tag: "atmosphere" at biology news

Atmospheric ozone recovering in mid-latitudes, report shows

...asurements were especially important for the lower atmosphere because satellites can have difficulty in sensing the lowest regions," Yang said. Salawitch, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, noted: "Our study provides a quantitative measure of a key fingerprint that is lacking in ...

Iron critical to ocean productivity, carbon uptake

...n plants grow, they suck carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere to build new cells. A better understanding of this carbon cycle is a key to studying global climate change. Iron fertilization of phytoplankton is also a key to a healthy marine food chain. Both Behrenfeld and Peter Strutton, an assistant professor...

Food-crop yields in future greenhouse-gas conditions lower than expected

...f carbon dioxide simulating the composition of the atmosphere projected for the year 2050. SoyFACE has added a unique element by introducing surface-level ozone, which also is rising. Ozone is toxic to plants. SoyFACE is the first facility in the world to test both the effects of future ozone and CO2 levels on ...

Microbes hitchhike across Atlantic on desert dust

...ons of soil and dried sediment through the Earth's atmosphere each year. The largest of these events is capable... dust-borne isolates previously collected from the atmosphere in Mali. One of them, a known human pathogen, has also been found in atmospheric samples in the U.S...

Viagra improves high altitude exercise performance up to 45% for some

...port to working muscles. Because the high altitude atmosphere contains less oxygen, it is more difficult to get enough oxygen to support strenuous physical activity than it is at sea level. Sildenafil works by inhibiting phosphodiestrase-5, an enzyme which degrades cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) a cell ...

The vicious cycle of rainforest destruction

...he carbon loss from the savanna is greater and the atmosphere becomes drier." The researchers want to find out ...ars. If this shows that the level of carbon in the atmosphere is set to increase beyond current estimates it could force a change in international targets for red...

Tiny airborne particles are a major cause of climate change

...nce to suggest that the extra seeds planted in the atmosphere by the emission of man-made aerosols (pollution, f...rt of the sun's radiation, warming the surrounding atmosphere and reducing the difference in temperature between the Earth's surface and the upper atmosphere. Thi...

Tropical forest CO2 emissions tied to nutrient increases

...il microbes to increase their CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by about 20 percent annually, said Cory Cleveland ...-quarters of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere during the past 20 years are thought to be due to fossil-fuel burning, the researchers said. The res...

Arctic coring expedition continues to yield new clues

...of greenhouse gases were released into the Earth's atmosphere ?a period calculated to have occurred 55 million y...ests that an enormous amount of carbon entered the atmosphere at the beginning of the PETM, either from volcanic eruptions, or the melting of oceanic gas hydrates...

UCI scientists find chlorine may contribute to ozone formation

...ecules break apart just minutes after entering the atmosphere and being exposed to sunlight. With these measure...n. Results showed that chlorine is present in the atmosphere both day and night, and that its levels fluctuate with little regularity. Saltzman and Finley couldn...

Record air pollution above the Arctic

...stern Europe have been transported into the Arctic atmosphere due to a particular large-scale weather situation....ute have been measuring the aerosol content of the atmosphere above Svalbard since 1991. Measurements made via the institute's aeroplanes serve the ongoing invest...

Pollutant haze heats the Arctic

...ea ice "is affected by such things as how much the atmosphere blankets the surface. Sea ice is changing very rapidly in the Arctic because of surface warming. This may be one contributing factor." "The Arctic represents the front line of climate change and is projected to warm at a rate at least double that o...

K-Staters design and build a low-cost remote sensing tool for environmental studies

... versus tundra in Alaska," Ham said. "The earth's atmosphere links all cultures and nations. By that, I mean that carbon dioxide emitted in China, for example, can impact the vegetation in North America or Europe and vice versa. Any decisions about climate change have to be based on a complete global analysis,...

Bacterial 'switch gene' regulates how oceans emit sulfur into atmosphere

...f the journal Science. Much of the sulfur in the atmosphere comes from the surface of oceans, from a compound ...ne plankton control how much sulfur rises into the atmosphere by converting a compound called DMSP, or dimethylsulfoniopropionate, to DMS or to sulfur compounds t...

UCSD study reveals how plants respond to elevated carbon dioxide

...nces, shows how the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere controls the opening and closing of leaf stomata--pores through which plants "breathe" in carbon dioxide. The researchers say that their findings provide important insights into the cellular and genetic mechanisms through which increasing carbon di...

Increase in carbon dioxide emissions accelerating

...7.9 billion tonnes of carbon were emitted into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide in 2005 and the rate of increase... amount of emitted carbon dioxide remaining in the atmosphere fluctuates from year to year due to natural factors such as El Niño. However, he says that on averag...

Plants' role in global warming re-examined

... is carbon that might otherwise be released to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and could further influence futu...d soils corresponds to less carbon released to the atmosphere in response to climate change, and a weaker positive feedback between carbon and climate and a weake...

Steep oxygen decline halted first land colonization by Earth's sea creatures

... precipitous drop in the oxygen content of Earth's atmosphere is responsible. "These two groups acted exactly the same way. They proliferated, then they went away, and then they reappeared and multiplied like crazy," said Ward, a UW professor of biology and of Earth and space sciences. He notes that atmos...

Far more than a meteor killed dinos

...releasing vast amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over a period of more than a million years leading up tothe mass extinction. By the time Chicxulub struck, the oceans were already 3-4 degrees warmer, even at the bottom, she says. "On land it must have been 7-8 degrees warmer," says Keller. "This ...

'Fruit fly dating game' provides clues to our reproductive prowess

...releasing vast amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over a period of more than a million years leading up tothe mass extinction. By the time Chicxulub struck, the oceans were already 3-4 degrees warmer, even at the bottom, she says. "On land it must have been 7-8 degrees warmer," says Keller. "This ...

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