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Tag: "assembly" at biology news

Crammed with charged DNA, pressure rises inside virus

...mps its DNA into the capsid—outer shell—during the assembly process. The potential energy of the tightly coiled DNA may help phi29 inject its genetic material into the bacterial cells it infects. Now a team led by physicists at the University of California, San Diego has used laser tweezers to measure the f...

Exploring the dark matter of the genome

... unique or sufficiently distinctive sequences. The assembly was checked by matching it to clones of longer sequences. With the painstaking manual assembly taken as far as practical, the researchers mapped the sequences to their physical locations on the c...

Surprising origin of cell's internal highways

...ll directions to the cell's periphery. Their rapid assembly and disassembly helps transport proteins throughout the cell and generate polarized (directional) signal distribution that causes cells to move. While microtubules in some specialized cells can originate from non-centrosomal structures, the centr...

DOE JGI sets 'gold standard' for metagenomic data analysis

...tion, labeling, and ultimately sequencing. Genome assembly is the process of putting the sequenced fragments ..., for example, when using the widely used sequence assembly tool Phrap, they actually saw artifacts created by the program caused by mixing sequences that shoul...

Decoding protein structures helps illuminate cause of diabetes

...nderstand the pathological protein mis-folding and assembly that seem to underlie a host of human disorders, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Now, chemists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have designed a powerful analytical tool capable of measuring molecular structures quickly and accu...

Newly identified mechanism for silencing genes points to possible anti-cancer strategies

...his molecule is known to interfere with the proper assembly of ribosomes, which prevents them from doing the w...iekhattar says. "If so, the eIF6 would prevent the assembly of a competent ribosome, thus blocking messenger RNA translation at that gene. The result would be t...

York mathematician probes geometric route to combat viruses

...logy and Mathematics, will study the structure and assembly of viruses, which will help to develop new anti-vi...of Durham, she has used these results to model the assembly of viruses. Subsequent work with collaborators Professor Peter Stockley, Dr Neil Ranson and thei...

Horse genome assembled

...n Cambridge, Mass., carried out the sequencing and assembly of the horse genome. Approximately 300,000 Ba...ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP ). The initial sequencing assembly is based on 6.8-fold coverage of the horse genome, which means, on average, each base pair has been ...

Bacterial walls come tumbling down

...rst step of the biochemical pathway that initiates assembly of the sugar coating. The second step is targeted by penicillin and has been well studied. Although scientists have spent many years identifying bacterial components whose structural features might have weaknesses that can be exploited by antibiot...

Hybrid molecule causes cancer cells to self-destruct

...eve the partners help enzymes to resume the normal assembly of sugar molecules and correct aberrant gene expression patterns, two processes that go awry when cancer occurs. Now that they've identified the butyrate-ManNAc molecule as a potential cancer fighter, the Johns Hopkins team members are expanding t...

Fitness has fallen since the days of Ancient Greece

...land of Lesbos in the eastern Aegean. The Athenian assembly ordered all Mytiline's men to death, and despatche...ireme to carry out this command. The next day, the assembly relented and sent a second trireme to halt the massacre. According to the records of Thucydides, thi...

Analysis of rhesus monkey genome uncovers genetic differences with humans, chimps

...ientists from 35 institutions compared this melded assembly to the reference sequence of the human genome, a newer unpublished draft sequence of the chimp genome, the sequence of more than a dozen other more distant species already in the public databases, the human HapMap, and the Human Gene Mutation Databas...

Researchers discover gene crucial for nerve cell insulation

...rs have deciphered a key sequence essential to the assembly of myelin," said Duane Alexander, M.D., Director of the NICHD, the NIH institute that funded the study. "Their discovery will provide important insight into the origins of disorders affecting myelin production." The study appears in the online ve...

Scripps research study reveals structural dynamics of single prion molecules

...ore forming intermediate shapes during the amyloid assembly process. The intermediate stages of the process are critically important, Deniz noted: "No single native unfolded protein is capable of initiating the amyloid cascade because of this constant shape-shifting. To start the amyloid conversion proces...

Common mechanisms for viral DNA replication

... In both cases, DNA binding is thought to initiate assembly of a complex of the full-length proteins on DNA. I...ding, we present a model describing the subsequent assembly events. ...

MIT device draws cells close -- but not too close -- together

... of 80 micrometers, or about four cell widths. The assembly is geared so that switching between these two settings involves a movement of two millimeters, an amount controllable by the human hand. Hui selected 80 micrometers as the gap setting because at shorter distances, cells sometimes migrate across the g...

Gladstone investigators identify a new protective action for the powerful anti-HIV factor, APOBEC3G

...IV. "If we can find a way to partially block A3G assembly into the large complexes during CD4 T cell activation, we could both preserve the potent anti-HIV effect of the small form of A3G and the protective function of the large A3G complex against select mobile genetic elements," Greene said. Gladstone sc...

NHGRI aims to make DNA sequencing faster, more cost effective

...racy, re-sequencing of highly variable genomes and assembly of never-before sequenced genomes. Dmitri V. Vezenov, Ph.D., Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Penn. ,$905,000 (3 years),"Force Spectroscopy Platform for Label Free Genome Sequencing" This team will apply force spectroscopy, a technique used to und...

Robotic whiskers can sense three-dimensional environment

...er about the arrays, which may find application on assembly lines, in pipelines or on land-based autonomous rovers or underwater vehicles, was published in the Oct. 5 issue of the journal Nature. "We show that the bending moment, or torque, at the whisker base can be used to generate three-dimensional spat...

Nanoparticle assembly enters the fast lane

The speed of nanoparticle assembly can be accelerated with the assistance of the mole...ng disease. Learning how to control and tailor the assembly of these miniscule particles into larger functional systems remains a major challenge for scientists...

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