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Tag: "antigen" at biology news

Monkeying around to improve organ transplantation

...gic T cells (immune T cells that do not respond to antigen stimulation) generated in an artificial environment outside the living organism have immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Now in a study appearing online on June 9 in advance of the print publication of the July 1 print issue of the Journal of Clinic...

Quantum dots provide a faster, more sensitive method for detecting respiratory viral infections

...boratory. There is also a third method, called the antigen test, which only takes 30 minutes. However, it is not sensitive enough to detect the presence of the virus at the early stages of an infection. Another advantage of the quantum dots when compared to detection systems that rely on fluorescent protein...

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Successful Vaccine Trial In Dogs

...tested a new type of treatment, composed solely of antigen proteins excreted by the parasite (1). The first trials indicate that this would completely and lastingly protect dogs against the disease. Twelve out of 18 dogs included in the study were treated with increasing doses of protein antigens excreted b...

'Underground' tunnels discovered as means for communication between immune system cells

...how dendritic cells first sense the presence of an antigen and why the reaction is cell-specific, the authors decided to look at calcium flux, a well-recognized early measure of stimulation in numerous cell types. The use of a fluorescent dye, which allows direct measurement of calcium levels, would determin...

Virus uses tiny RNA to evade the immune system

...world's most studied virus," Sullivan said, "and T antigen is its most studied part." When SV40 enters a cel...al DNA replication. Unfortunately for the virus, T antigen also serves as a target for immune (T) cells, which can destroy infected cells and prevent the virus...

Breast tumors in mice eradicated using cancer vaccine

...or of Microbiology, delivered the tumor-associated antigen HER-2/Neu to immune cells. HER-2/Neu is overexpres...erance to the tumor antigen, particularly when the antigen is expressed at low levels on normal tissue as with Her2/Neu," explains Paterson. "So how is the bod...

Optimizing cell therapy against tumors is a balancing ACT

...d is selecting the appropriate T cells with proper antigen specificity. In a new study appearing in the June 1 print issue of The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Nicholas Restifo and colleagues identified which cells are optimal for treating large, vascularized, established tumors. The authors use a mous...

Immune system has evolved to prevent autoimmune disease

...Antibodies that bind with something other than the antigen they evolved to attack are called cross-reactive, and some researchers believe cross-reactivity causes some autoimmune diseases. For example, some scientists have found a correlation between chronic infection and an increased probability of autoimmu...

New factor implicated in allergy and asthma attacks

... of the exposure are critical," Boldogh said. "The antigen exposure has to happen in parallel with oxidative stress, and having both components in the pollen makes that possible." These two signals play a vital role in inducing allergic inflammation. These findings suggest that antioxidant substances may be...

New vaccine platform may fight infections with causes from influenza to bioterrorism

...escribe how their vaccine consisting of a specific antigen to pneumocystis and a molecule normally expressed ...her cells, such as dendritic cells, to capture the antigen and advertise their bounty, which they do by displaying an antigen fragment on their cell surface. A...

A new step towards an AIDS vaccine

...ch stimulates pDC function, and consequently other antigen presenting cell function, the authors have recognized an important pathway whereby DC function can be targeted in the design of efficient vaccines or immunotherapies for HIV. ...

Scientists observe how a close bond activates the immune system

...ry T cell wears a unique molecule, called a T cell antigen receptor, on its surface that it uses to detect pi...n investigation, T cells must recognize a specific antigen before they start to fight an infection. Dendritic cells constantly scour the body for antigens and ...

New U. of Colorado at Boulder flu chip may help combat future epidemics, pandemics

...s, said Kuchta. While commercial tests like rapid antigen testing can detect influenza in less than an hour, none provide genetic information about various flu subtypes, he said. Rowlen said that within a few years, the technology could be downsized to fit into a hand-held portable device the size of a cel...

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

...tamers that bind to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ?a well known marker for prostate cancer which is over-expressed on certain prostate epithelial cells. Experimental results described at ECCO 13 show that these bioconjugates successfully and selectively adhered to PSMA-positive prostate cance...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

...tamers that bind to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ?a well known marker for prostate cancer which is over-expressed on certain prostate epithelial cells. Experimental results described at ECCO 13 show that these bioconjugates successfully and selectively adhered to PSMA-positive prostate cance...

Source of crucial immune cell in the skin discovered

... the skin and rely on these cells to transport the antigen to the lymph nodes to trigger an immune response against the tumor." Once Langerhans cells transport an antigen, they need to be replaced to maintain the tight network in the skin. Dr. Merad and colleagues at Mount Sinai School of Medicine recently ...

Driver of anthrax toxicity could lead to late-stage therapy

...ace proteins earlier shown to bind the "protective antigen carrier" of anthrax toxin, allowing its delivery into cells. The new findings "reveal a previously unsuspected biological role" for LRP6, a gene earlier found to play important roles in pathways underlying early development and cell proliferation, t...

Scientists design potent anthrax toxin inhibitor

... NIAID. Anthrax toxin has three parts: protective antigen (PA), a protein that binds to a receptor on the target cell surface; and two enzymes that must be transported into the cell to cause damage. The enzymatic portions of the toxin enter the cell through a pore created for them by PA after it binds to th...

Potential vaccine developed for deadly leishmaniasis disease

... combines the delivery vehicle, immune-stimulating antigen and adjuvant into one package. The delivery vehic... the immune response of the candidate vaccine. The antigen is a synthetic carbohydrate similar to substances on the surface of the leishmaniasis bacteria. Wit...

'Nano-keys' bind cell receptors and trigger allergic reactions

... receptors cluster together when they bind with an antigen (allergen or foreign body), and this causes transmembrane activation of enzymes within the cell that eventually lead to the release of histamines. Such processes begin on the nanoscale (a nanometer equals one-billionth of a meter) -- at the molecula...

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