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Tag: "amino" at biology news

Baby fish 'smell their way home'

...ical signature, a rich mixture of the proteins and amino acids emitted by corals, all the plankton and mucus from its life. We think baby fish can pick this up and distinguish it from other reefs. "We think some fishes then choose currents that smell like 'home' and swim up them. The ones that cannot ...

Scripps Research study reveals new activation mechanism for pain sensing channel

... directly and irreversibly binding to the cysteine amino acids of this protein," said Ardem Patapoutian, a Scripps Research scientist whose laboratory conducted the study. "Our study shows that TRPA1 activation is directly linked to chemical insult." "Cysteines, one of the twenty building blocks of all...

Leukemic cells find safe haven in bone marrow

...cells by releasing large amounts of asparagine, an amino acid that nearby leukemic cells must have to survi...ey also prevent mesenchymal cells from making this amino acid. In addition, the ability of mesenchymal cells to make asparagine might be decreased by cancer ...

Deep in the ocean, a clam that acts like a plant

...e symbiotic bacteria also fix nitrogen and produce amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients required by the clam. Studies of the deep sea have implications for studying the origins of life, Eisen said. Life on Earth may have got its start with microbes living on such chemical reactions, before the evol...

Buckyballs used as 'passkey' into cancer cells

...lleagues developed contain a molecule called Bucky amino acid that was created in Barron's lab. Bucky amino acid, or Baa, is based on pheylalanine, one of the 20 essential amino acids that are strung together...

Small molecule dervived from Rb2/p130 could act as cancer therapeutic

...within Rb2/p130's spacer domain--a sequence of 212 amino acids located in the pocket or middle section of t...set about trying to reduce the spacer domain's 212 amino acids down to the smallest sequence that would still produce the same functionality as p21, explaine...

Discovery of an HIV inhibitor in human blood points to new drug class

...hibitor of HIV-1. Moreover, they showed that a few amino acid changes in the fragment enhanced its antiretroviral potency by two orders of magnitude. VIRIP and its derivatives remained effective against drug-resistant HIV strains, making them "highly promising for further clinical development," according t...

Cancer researchers add spice to research against rare neuromuscular disease

...ecular stutter that results in extra copies of the amino acid glutamine. In such diseases, the extra amino acids become part of abnormal proteins that clump up inside neurons, creating a clog that can bring ...

Researchers from the UGR use a bacterium to obtain biopreservatives from food

...states Marina Sánchez, "has determined which AS-48 amino acids are essential for membranestability and biol...ointed out, "and we have studied the role of seven amino acids that could be involved in biological activity and in the hydrophobic nature and thermodynamic ...

Gene that makes people 'early to bed and early to rise' demystified

...on that mimicked an increase in phosphorylation at amino acid 662 increased the transcription of PER2 and p...n later. Their studies in mice revealed that the amino acid change associated with FASPS, which alters the charge of the residue, alters the ability of PER...

Scripps research study reveals structural dynamics of single prion molecules

...roteins are different from those of yeast in their amino acid sequence, they do share some basic features, including their ability to catalyze the conversion to amyloid fibers. Some studies suggest that prions may also play key roles in certain critical processes such as long-term memory. Other authors of...

New findings blow a decade of assumptions out of the water

...as nitrate, NO3. Only then can it be used to build amino acids and proteins essential to all life. Eventually the fixed nitrogen is returned to its gaseous state, a process called denitrification. Scientists have known for several decades that denitrification occurs in the deep, low-oxygen waters of the...

Progress toward artificial photosynthesis?

...s: In the first step, CO2 binds to individual free amino groups present in the carbon nitride. It then oxidizes the benzene to phenol, and in the end the highly desirable CO separates from the catalyst. "This could make novel, previously unknown chemistry of CO2 accessible," hopes Antonietti. "It may even ...

Protein fragments sequenced in 68 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex

...ragments—seven in all—appear to most closely match amino acid sequences found in collagen of present day ch...roke it down into fragments, or peptides, 10 to 20 amino acids long. The peptides were passed over a liquid chromatography (LC) column, where they were separ...

Researchers find gene mutation that causes infertility in male mice

...ach parent. The mutation leads to a change in an amino acid in Dmc1 that blocks meiosis in its tracks, preventing sperm production. The mutant allele (one version of the pair of genes we inherit from each parent) is dominant; females who carry it remain fertile but carry the defect and pass the mutation ...

Loss of a universal tRNA feature reported

...he specific tRNA that assists in incorporating the amino acid histidine into new proteins. Histidine residu...illiams of VBI, have shown that tRNAs carrying the amino acid histidine in the alphaproteobacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti and Caulobacter crescentus apparent...

'Marathon mice' elucidate little-known muscle type

... proteins that consist of both "heavy" and "light" amino acid chains. While most muscles in mammals contain a mixture of slow- and fast-twitch fiber types, some muscle beds are enriched for one type or the other, Spiegelman said. However, adult skeletal muscles also contain fibers with an abundance of a...

Mine runoff continues to provide clues to microbial diversification

...erentiate peptides that differ by as little as one amino acid. Nathan VerBerkmoes of the lab’s Chemical Sciences Division was instrumental in designing the experiments and acquiring the mass spectrometry data while Manesh Shah of the Biosciences Division provided the bioinformatics horsepower to sort th...

Mutation improves memory, may lead to memory-enhancing pill

...ied with the addition of a phosphate to one of its amino acids, it switches on the protein synthesis of another factor that halts production of genes required for the long-term storage of memories. Sonenberg and his colleagues previously discovered that mice lacking the enzyme that performs the phosphoryla...

Blood sugar's manufacture limited by building blocks' supply

...coneogenesis, due to a defect in the processing of amino acids. Amino acids are the main ingredients of pro...ability of a substrate molecule that comes from an amino acid. The researchers found that mice with a targeted deletion of KLF15 display severe hypoglycem...

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