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Tag: "amino" at biology news

Viral genetic differences are possible key to HIV dementia

...ai. They found such a pattern, consisting of four amino acids, within a subregion of the viral envelope gene known as the V3 loop. "The identification of these signature mutations presents convincing evidence that HIV adapts to the local environment within the central nervous system and, moreover, that c...

How IVF could be causing genetic errors in embryos

...ckwith Wiedeman syndrome. Slc38a4 ?plays a role in amino acid transport to cells. Copg2 ?plays a role in transport of proteins within cells and is associated with Silver-Russell syndrome, a growth disorder occurring in 1 in 75,000 births (involves intrauterine growth restriction and subsequent poor growth...

Study reveals details of mussels' tenacious bonds

...rst-ever single molecule study to focus on the key amino acid 3,4-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a tyrosi...ineering and Applied Science, attached single DOPA amino acids to an atomic force microscope tip and measured the strength of interaction between DOPA and in...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...zyme is responsible for loading, or "charging" the amino acid alanine onto transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Transfer RNAs transport individual amino acids to the cell's protein synthesis machinery, where they are added to the growing stringlike prot...

Parallel evolution: Proteins do it, too

...e similar functional changes were due to identical amino acid changes at the protein sequence level," Zhang said. "Indeed, we found three amino acid changes that were identical in the two lineages. They occurred independently, but they were ide...

Discovery could aid fight against cystic fibrosis infection

...partment chair John Mekalanos, recognized that the amino acid sequence of Hcp1 in PA closely resembled that of Hcp1 in Vibrio cholerae. The Mekalanos lab had previously discovered that the Hcp1 protein of V. cholerae is released from the bacterium via a novel secretion pathway. Because Hcp1 proteins from ...

Mechanism for neurodenegerative diseases linked to transport proteins

... of part of a gene that encodes repetitions of the amino acid glutamine in the protein. Although different genes are affected, all of the polyglutamine-expansion or "polyQ" diseases are characterized by symptoms that begin in middle age and by the loss of certain types of neurons through a pattern in which...

Surprising symbiosis: Glassy-winged sharpshooter eats with friends

...feed the insect vitamins, cofactors, and essential amino acids. "Much as mosquitoes transmit malaria, the...e of the biochemical pathways needed to synthesize amino acids. Could the plant be somehow providing amino acids to its insect predator? Unlikely. Was the sh...

Researchers find protein that silences genes

...ups that HDA6 can remove, down to which acetylated amino acids are involved. "The bottom line is that HDA6 has very broad specificity. It can remove the acetyl groups from multiple histones and from multiple lysines of those histones" said Pikaard. When multiple acetyl groups are on the histones, the g...

Unique soybean lines hold promise for producing allergy-free soybeans

...allergy-causing P34 protein, which consists of 379 amino acids, said Theodore Hymowitz, emeritus professor of plant genetics in the crop sciences department at the U. of I. "We are releasing this information with no patents so that companies and breeders involved with soybeans can incorporate these two li...

MIT engineers probe spiders' polymer art

... The proteins in our bodies are polymers made from amino acids. From the Greek for "many" and "units," polymers are long linked chains of small molecules. They can be flexible or stiff, water-soluble or insoluble, resistant to heat and chemicals and very strong. Silk protein solution consists of 30-40 p...

Finding the right mix: A biomaterial blend library

... better biomaterials. Polymers derived from the amino acid tyrosine make up a broad class of degradable biomaterials under investigation. Such materials provide a temporary scaffold for cells to grow and tissue to regenerate. In a 2006 study* presented at the national meeting of the American Chemical So...

Scientists solve 30-year-old mystery of mutant mouse's kidney woes

...gle base pair had changed." The change swaps the amino acid serine for the amino acid leucine at a key position in the protein. Serine can undergo phosphorylation, a form of chemica...

Smoking changes brain chemistry

... had significantly decreased concentrations of the amino acid N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the part of the brain that processes pleasure and pain. The decreased NAA levels were evident regardless of whether or not the patient used a nicotine patch and correlated directly ...

MIT creates 3-D scaffold for growing stem cells

...neering, is a pioneer in coaxing tiny fragments of amino acids called self-assembling peptides to organize .... Adding motifs With the addition of defined amino acid fragments called active motifs, the scaffold can be fashioned to coax stem cells to behave in c...

Jefferson scientists find aging gene also protects against prostate cancer development

...Dr. Pestell and his co-workers also found a single amino acid within the androgen receptor that reacts with SIRT1’s enzymatic activity and proved in the laboratory that it was key to its cancer-halting effect. The work could lead to a model for drug screening, Dr. Pestell notes. ...

Novel EGFR ectodomain mutations in glioblastoma

...tained missense mutations—changes that altered the amino acid sequence of EGFR. But the mutations were mostly different from the ones commonly seen in other cancers: rather than changing the kinase domain, most of the gliobastoma-associated mutations mapped to the extracellular domain of the protein. Thes...

A wolf in sheep's clothing: Plague bacteria reveal one of their virulence tricks

...Using the structure to guide him, he changed three amino acids of YpkA that contacted host proteins, and then looked at how the mutated bacteria affected human cells compared to the original wild-type Yersinia. His results confirmed the hypothesis from the structural study: While the wild-type YpkA wreaked...

Microbe fixes nitrogen at a blistering 92 C

...ry for all life because it is an essential part of amino acids and proteins. To be used by organisms, gaseous nitrogen must be converted to other compounds, or "fixed," which can only be done by certain bacteria and specific archaea. Nitrogen can be fixed into ammonia, nitrate and other products that can ...

Scientists get best look ever at water-life connection

...e protein surface. They inserted a molecule of the amino acid tryptophan into the protein as a probe, and measured how water moved around it -- a technique Zhong began to develop when he was a postdoctoral researcher in Nobel laureate Ahmed Zewail's lab at the California Institute of Technology 5 years ago...

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