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Tag: "amino" at biology news

New book expands biological classifications to account for 'alien' life

...on Earth. That includes microbes with at least one amino acid beyond the 20 in the DNA of native Earth life, or organisms that have been genetically modified, Ward said. It also includes some life forms that have been modified to be much simpler than what is normally found on Earth. "We may never find oth...

Drug resistant avian influenza viruses more common in Southeast Asia than North America

...antadine is caused by substitutions of one of five amino acids in the part of the M2 protein called the transmembrane domain-the part of M2 located within the coat of the influenza virus. The M2 protein is an ion channel located in the envelope of the virus that permits hydrogen ions (protons) to enter th...

Color perception is not in the eye of the beholder: It's in the brain

...bility to test for color perception. Likewise, the amino acids that make up two of the three different-colored cones are so similar that there are no stains that can bind to some and not others, a process often used by researchers to differentiate cell types under a microscope. Imaging the living retina a...

UF scientist finds unexpected link between cat and human AIDS viruses

...iral family," Yamamoto said. "For that reason, the amino acids that make up the proteins in both viruses share some common regions. There appear to be regions of HIV, or variations of the core protein we used in our studies, that may provide protection in vaccine form against HIV." Some compounds made fr...

Scientists crack 40-year-old DNA puzzle and point to 'hot soup' at the origin of life

...om the DNA code and then translated into one of 20 amino acids. These amino acids are then strung together in the order dictated by the DNA code and folded into complex shapes ...

A bug's life: Exceptional genomic stability yet rapid protein evolution in a carpenter ant mutualist

... was the rate of protein evolution, as measured by amino acid changes, since the divergence of B. pennsylva...-living ancestors. The researchers showed that the amino acid sequences of Blochmannia have diverged approximately 50 times more quickly than proteins in fre...

Protein behind autumn color splendor identified

...or this is that the proteins in the leaves contain amino acids that the plant needs to recycle. The leaves' proteins are therefore degraded and the amino acids are stored in the trunk, branches, and roots until next year, when they are used as building b...

Cornell finds natural selection in humans

...proteins, positive selection causes changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein for which the gene co...original goal of the project was to identify novel amino acid variants that could then be tested for association with human disease in subsequent studies. Th...

New antifreeze protein found in fleas may allow longer storage of transplant organs

...team isolated the new protein, which is rich in an amino acid called glycine. "When you grow a 'popsicle' of ice in the presence of these proteins, the AFPs bind to the ice and become included, while other proteins are excluded," says Dr. Davies. "We use their affinity for ice as a tool to purify the prot...

Grabbing addiction by the tail

...g a peptide ?a long molecule made from a string of amino acids ?with a structure similar to the tail of the glutamate receptor that is anchored inside the cell. In addiction, cellular machinery tugs on this tail, pulling the entire receptor into the cell. Without its business end sticking out into the syna...

Life in deadly conditions

...ecause ammonium nitrate is a key building block of amino acids, the tiny organism should have problems synt...monas pharaonis can by itself produce vitamins and amino acids. Thus, the growth medium for the culture of the single-celled organism could be significantly ...

Bacteria which sense the Earth's magnetic field

...called MamJ, exhibits an unusually high portion of amino acids, aligned in repeats. MamJ has a remote similarity to proteins which control crystallisation processes in other biominerals, like bones, teeth, otoliths, and mussel shells. Thus, the scientists initially suspected MamJ is responsible for the dev...

Anti-cancer drugs may hold promise for premature aging disorder

...tion implicated in progeria causes a section of 50 amino acids within the lamin A protein to be deleted, re...chers' hunch proved correct. When they changed one amino acid within progerin's farnesylation tag to prevent the addition of a farnesyl group and tested the ...

Bacterial protein mimics host to cripple defenses

...nimals). Abramovitch and Martin compared AvrPtoB's amino acid sequence to known proteins in other microbes ...PtoB's function is remarkable not only because its amino acid sequence is so different from other ubiquitin ligases, but also because bacteria don't use ubiq...

Free-energy theory borne out in large-scale protein folding

...more of them. Each of these proteins is a chain of amino acids strung end-to-end like beads in necklace. Fo...longer proteins, the chain can contain hundreds of amino acids. Thanks to modern genomics, scientists can use DNA to decipher the amino acid sequence in a p...

Many needles, many haystacks

...Biology. A protein consists of a sticky string of amino acids which usually folds up because of attraction...ern in a protein sequence that may be thousands of amino acids long."The method Neduva and his colleagues invented draws on large-scale studies of protein bi...

Image of myosin-actin interaction revealed in cover story of Molecular Cell

...interface is critical, evident by the way a single amino acid change in myosin leads to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), an undetectable condition resulting in death by sudden cardiac arrest in otherwise healthy young adults. Contributors to this work include: Niels Volkmann, Ph.D., assistant p...

Greasing interferon's gears may pave way to greater therapeutic benefits, fewer side effects

...utant Stat1 protein in which the identities of two amino acids were switched. Investigations conducted on cells growing in culture showed that the altered Stat1 proteins reacted more efficiently to the presence of both type I and type II interferons. Further tests revealed that the souped-up Stat1 recruite...

What can change in the brain? Electrical synapses, research shows

...uRs, a type of neural trigger that responds to the amino acid glutamate, a trans-mitter molecule in the brain. The result: a long-lasting, 20 to 30 percent reduction in electrical synapse strength. While previous studies have shown a related effect in the electrical synapses of goldfish, Landisman and Con...

New technique helps researchers determine amino-acid charge

...ations to predict protonation states -- whether an amino acid is charged or not. Appropriate experimental b... proton affinity of an amino-acid residue when the amino acid is dissolved in a lot of water in, say, a glass beaker; another thing is the affinity for proto...

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