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Tag: "amino" at biology news

Redesigned protein accelerates blood clotting

...ctor VIII has on its surface pocket-like chains of amino acids shaped to hold calcium ions (calcium binding... past research, Fay's team had identified a single amino acid (out of the more than 2,300 building blocks making up factor VIII) with the potential, if repla...

Pinpointing a culprit molecule in Alzheimer's disease

...produces two types of amyloid beta peptide--one 40 amino acid units long (Ab40) and one 42 units long (Ab42). Circumstantial evidence has suggested that Ab42 is the "stickier" of the two forms, and underlies the pathology of the disease. Now, researchers led by Eileen McGowan and Todd Golde of the Mayo Cl...

Female volunteers prepare for a second 'bedrest'

... were accompanied by a dietary supplement (certain amino acids which form the basis of proteins). Volunteers needed for phase 2 For phase 2 of the study, which is due to begin in September, ESA, the French space agency CNES and the MEDES Institute are looking for twelve new female volunteers from the Eur...

Fruit fly studies open new window on cancer research

...ch Council (BBSRC), discovered that this family of amino acid transporters are very powerful growth promote...d development and the cells grew excessively. The amino acid transporters appear to be responsive to nutrients on the surface of the cell and do not need to...

A new molecule discovered in the battle between plants and disease

...es pathogen defense in Arabidopsis AtPep1 is a 23 amino acid peptide that was isolated from Arabidopsis th... and is derived from the carboxyl terminus of a 92 amino acid precursor, proAtPep1, a scenario commonly found in both animal and plant peptide precursors. No...

MSU researchers receive $4 million grant to uncover gene functions

...ils, starch for ethanol-based fuels, vitamin E and amino acids. Despite the many functions of a chloroplast, the MSU team estimates that it takes only around 4,000 genes to make a functional chloroplast, which is similar to a simple bacterium, rather than the tens of thousands of genes required to make a w...

Beyond genes: Lipid helps cell wall protein fold into proper shape

... at how a protein called GabP, which transports an amino acid across the membrane of the bacterium E. coli,...m their normal structure. The PE-lacking protein's amino acid transfer rate plummeted to nearly zero, falling 99 percent compared to the transfer rate in una...

Researchers create functioning artificial proteins using nature's rules

...s life functions, are composed of molecules called amino acids, which are strung together in long chains. T...ecades, scientists have known that the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein determines the protein's structure and its function. What has not been ...

Protein structure key for AIDS, cell function

...ntified a peptide, an organic compound composed of amino acids, that they believe may play a role in interrupting the interface between CD4 and HIV-AIDS. The findings, published in the journal Structure (Vol. 13, Sept. 2005), mark a major step toward designing drugs that could inhibit processes related t...

Genomics researchers discover protein deficit that causes drug toxicity

...ant gene -- specifically, a switch in 2 out of 245 amino acids -- that results in the absence of the protein needed to properly metabolize thiopurine drugs. In patients with the genetic defect, instead of helping heal, a standard dose of thiopurine drugs can cause fatal bone marrow destruction. Though Mayo...

UCSD discovery may provide novel method to generate medically useful proteins

...aper, the researchers describe how by altering the amino acids at one or more of just 12 sites on the preda...s a result, the RNA ends up specifying a different amino acid, and a protein with different structural and chemical properties is created. Antibodies are an...

Evolution of life on Earth may hold key to finding life in outer space

...ies, such as the same genetic code, the same major amino acids in proteins, and ?with minor exceptions ?the use of DNA or occasionally RNA as genetic material," Fox said. "This suggests life had a single origin from an earlier 'prebiotic' world, and research in NASA's Exobiology Program seeks to understand...

Computers close in on protein structure prediction

...e. "For more than 40 years, people have known the amino acid sequence of a protein specifies its three-dim...icated computer program folded 17 short strings of amino acids into 100,000 possible variations. When the researchers compared the best predictions to the ac...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...ealed important new information about two specific amino acids on the spike protein. These were the amino acids that Farzan and his colleagues had previously determined to be the most critical for determini...

Cells direct membrane traffic by channel width

...erol channel, or the other way around, by mutating amino acids that line the pore of the channel, but they ...s could be manipulated by inducing the surrounding amino acids to create a hydrophobic or semi-hydrophobic lining required for glycerol passage. Success in d...

New discovery blurs distinction between human cells and those of bacteria

...and how they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular...

Nighttime Dying Linked To Sleep Apnea From Brain Cell Loss

...and how they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular...

Field tested: Grasslands won't help buffer climate change as carbon dioxide levels rise

...and how they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular...

Neurotransmitters signal aggressive cancer, offer potential for early diagnosis

..."communication chemicals," aptly named GABA (gamma amino butyric acid), shows up in unusually high amounts in some aggressive tumors, according to a new study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. The researchers investigated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors, which include aggressive...

Immune system has evolved to prevent autoimmune disease

...lows it to bind only with a particular sequence of amino acids. "In our study, we first sought to understa...ains about 100,000 proteins with an average of 500 amino acids apiece. Consequently, there are about one trillion potential docking sites, or epitopes, where...

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