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Tag: "amino" at biology news

At the molecular level, the predator is the prey

...le on tsNa(V)1.4's surface, binding to an aromatic amino acid and causing enough of a change in the sodium ...egree of resistance to TTX by making this aromatic amino acid harder for TTX to grasp -- or by removing it altogether. One-thirtieth of the TTX normally fou...

Mutation in clams protects against paralytic shellfish poisoning but raises human health risk

...function, and the mutation, which changes a single amino acid in a sodium channel, makes nerves less sensit...esistance. She showed that the mutation changed an amino acid in a channel, a protein in the nerve cell membrane that allows sodium ions to pass through the ...

Venom doc tracks down snake bioweapons

... resource waiting to be tapped." By comparing the amino acid sequence of each toxin to the amino acid sequences of multiple proteins from non-venomous tissues, Fry was able to reconstruct the phylo...

Engineers improve plastic's potential for use in implants by linking it to biological material

... peptide selected, known as T59, is a string of 12 amino acids. To make certain that something else on the ...ology. In addition, they determined that a certain amino acid, aspartic acid, had to be a part of T59 for it to attach well to the plastic. Aspartic acid ca...

Active Vaccine Prevents Mice From Developing Prion Disease

...usual is that they are proteins that have the same amino acid composition as equivalent proteins occurring naturally in the body. But the prions turn deadly by changing shape. These "misfolded" proteins tend to aggregate in toxic, cell-killing clumps. As an infection takes hold, prion proteins invade brain...

Life detection instrument passes key test on road to Mars

...t proved the instrument could unambiguously detect amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. More impor...hies were able to detect the preference of Earth's amino acids for left-handedness over right-handedness. This "homochirality" is a hallmark of life that Mat...

Critical step traced in anthrax infection

...sis, they identified the hydrophobic, or "greasy," amino acid phenylalanine in protective antigen's pore-forming domain. Seven of these amino acids project into the lumen of the pore and form a collection of greasy residues, nicknamed "the ph...

Studies reveal how plague disables immune system, and how to exploit the process to make a vaccine

...t, from different locales, 30 of the protein's 326 amino acids in hopes of eliminating the elements that su...mouse and human macrophages, version rV10, missing amino acids 271 through 300, triggered only small amounts of IL-10 and had little effect on TNF secretion....

Program finds lost genes in nematode genome

...e C. elegans genome exactly, right own to the last amino acid. "This (60 percent) is a new level of accuracy for a complex genome," Brent said. "It's quite a step up from what you see in the human genome, for instance, where not even a third of the genome can be predicted exactly. The 60 percent is the hi...

Recombinant DNA technology may enable oral, rather than injectable, delivery of protein drugs

...al medications are made from small molecules, like amino acids or lipids, and their permeability allows them to be absorbed from the intestine into the body," says Shen. "On the other hand, protein-based drugs are large and bulky, which can prevent them from crossing the intestine and gaining access to the...

MicroRNAs play a big part in gene regulation - and evolution

...ed into RNA molecules and then translated into the amino acids building blocks of proteins. But not all genes code for proteins--some make RNA molecules called microRNAs. These small RNA molecules interfere with--and therefore control--the production of proteins. A new paper in PLoS Computational Biology s...

Bacteria feed on smelly breath (and feet)

... produced from the breakdown of sulphur-containing amino acids in the mouth. Dr Ann Wood and her colleagues at Kings College, London, reported these findings in the August issue of Environmental Microbiology. The odour-eating methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the tongue, tooth plaques (supra-ging...

Deep thinking: Scientists sequence a cold-loving marine microbe

... any striking distinctions in C. psychrerythraea's amino acid composition, highlighting differences unique to the cold-loving organism. Together, these analyses offer a picture of evolution in action, as C. psychrerythraea uses subtle tweaks in common bacterial biology to adapt to its chilly environs. For...

Scripps research scientists solve structure of a critical innate immune system protein

...h in repeats that contain a high percentage of the amino acid leucine. This fact was important to Wilson and his colleagues because the leucine-rich proteins are often decorated with sugars (glycans), and fall into the class of biological molecules known as "glycoproteins." "Amazingly there is still this ...

Newly discovered genetic disease sheds light on body's water balance

...mutation where different substitutions in a single amino acid cause two different, opposite genetic disorde...tations activate the receptor by changing a single amino acid, arginine, located on the gene at position 137. This location, R137, already is known to scient...

Scientists discover that three molecules may be developed into new Alzheimer's drugs

...ugs. Kosik explained that proteins are strings of amino acids folded into small globs. All proteins that happen to be an enzyme involved in phosphorylation have one thing in common. They have a pocket that is almost always in the same place and this is where the phosphate attaches to the enzyme, in this c...

Scientists at Galileo Pharmaceuticals confirm inflammatory response linked to glucose levels

...ugs. Kosik explained that proteins are strings of amino acids folded into small globs. All proteins that happen to be an enzyme involved in phosphorylation have one thing in common. They have a pocket that is almost always in the same place and this is where the phosphate attaches to the enzyme, in this c...

Study shows how retinoic acid enters a cell's nucleus

...RABP-II can only move into a cell's nucleus if its amino acids are organized in a certain sequence, called ...e a startling discovery: When exposed to RA, three amino acids on the CRABP-II molecule flip their positions, exposing positive charges. Combined with the wa...

Pinpointing the cause of a neurodegenerative disorder

...contain unusually long repetitive stretches of the amino acid glutamine. The new findings, which are published in the August 26, 2005, issue of the journal Cell, provide a molecular explanation for Ataxin-1's assault on cerebellar Purkinje cells. The findings should help to understand a range of disease...

Fragment of yellow fever virus may hold key to safer vaccine

...its address on the envelope protein. Several other amino acids in another section of the folded protein con...ng the essential epitope on one and the supporting amino acids on the other, ter Meulen speculates. The findings may apply to the whole flavivirus family. T...

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