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Tag: "altered" at biology news

Did humans cause ecosystem collapse in ancient Australia?

...hat massive fires set by the first humans may have altered the ecosystem of shrubs, trees, and grasses to the fire-adapted desert-scrub of today. The work is published in the July 8, issue of Science. The scientists plotted diet changes over 140,000 years of two species of large, flightless birds--the now-e...

Retina adapts to seek the unexpected, ignore the commonplace

...ting whether adaptation to a different environment altered the encoding of retinal signals. From the neural responses to novel stimuli, the researchers computed the sensitivity of individual ganglion cells to various scenes. For most cells, sensitivity to a novel scene was greater than sensitivity to contro...

Sea Ice May Be on Increase in the Antarctic

...ced insulin secretion in response to glucose. The altered mice maintained their improved b cell function with age, they reported. Further analyses found that Sirt1 regulates genes involved in insulin secretion by b cells. "Together, these results establish that an increase dosage of Sirt1 has beneficial ef...

Life-extending protein keeps blood sugar in check

...ced insulin secretion in response to glucose. The altered mice maintained their improved b cell function with age, they reported. Further analyses found that Sirt1 regulates genes involved in insulin secretion by b cells. "Together, these results establish that an increase dosage of Sirt1 has beneficial ef...

Unweaving amyloid fibers to solve prion puzzles

...ould form its own cascade of interactions. In this altered form, the prion molecules interact in slightly different places, presenting different surfaces to promote the conversion of other prion molecules. Lindquist believes that the techniques used in this study will ultimately prove useful for studying pr...

AACR Favors 'full spectrum of stem cell research biology'

...spects of cell growth and differentiation that are altered during the formation and growth of tumors. # Research on tissue-specific stem cells from adults may reveal the body's innate maintenance and repair mechanisms. # Embryonic stem cells have the ability to transform into the cells of every major organ...

Why do aneurysms form? New studies suggest leading role for white blood cells

...then studied what happened in the rodents that had altered neutrophil systems and in comparison rodents that .... They also studied mice that had been genetically altered by U-M researchers to lack the gene for L-selectin, and normal comparison mice. In general, the rat...

Mechanism regulating tooth shape formulation found

...nown from their teeth, is how their tooth shape is altered during development. Researchers of the University of Helsinki together with their Japanese colleagues from the University of Kioto now propose a 'balance of induction' mechanism directing the placement of tooth shape features called cusps. Position a...

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...rally occurring mutations. Using mice genetically altered to have a deficiency in a protein that proofreads ..., known as apoptosis, was greatly accelerated. The altered mice exhibited obvious hallmarks of aging -- including graying, hair loss and atrophied muscle and b...

Gene therapy to lower blood pressure just enough

...s colleagues combines a special kind of adenovirus altered so it does not produce disease connected to a gene regulatory system turned on by the drug mifepristone. Using this vector, O'Malley and his colleagues were able to introduce the ANP gene into the cells of mice. Then tiny doses of drug turned on the...

Secrets to antibody's success against West Nile Virus surprise scientists

...y earlier this year. In a line of mice genetically altered to increase vulnerability to the virus, they found injection of the new antibodies could boost survival rates of mice infected with the virus to greater than 90 percent. Scientists at Macrogenics are working on the preliminary studies required bef...

Woods Hole Research Center plans controlled burn in Amazon rainforest

...owever, that the composition of the forest will be altered following a fire, and researchers will monitor the impact on forest composition as well as the effect this change has on animal populations and behavior. These experimental fires are a crucial part of simulating what is happening in the Amazon today...

Pinpointing a culprit molecule in Alzheimer's disease

...e disease. Specifically, such mice are genetically altered to overproduce mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP). It is this protein that, when clipped by enzymes, produces the amyloid beta (Ab) peptide that clusters into the amyloid plaque that clogs the brain and kills brain cells. The clipping of A...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

...l characteristics, such as diseases or defects) if altered or deleted." To investigate the misregulation of the SOST gene, Loots and her colleagues genetically engineered a copy of the DNA segment containing the gene and used it to generate mice with and without the 52,000-base-pair region missing in Van Bu...

Multi-species genome comparison sheds new light on evolutionary processes, cancer mutations

...s, the breaks may lead to the production of new or altered proteins with potential to benefit an organism. In addition to their evolutionary implications, chromosomal translocations are known to contribute to the development or progression of many types of cancer. In their paper, researchers report that the...

Pinpointing the cause of a neurodegenerative disorder

...ine repeats somehow caused Ataxin-1 function to be altered in a way that damaged or killed Purkinje cells. "We had been accumulating clues that the glutamine tract expansion is clearly what is important for disease because that's the mutation," said Zoghbi. "But we also concluded that there was something el...

New protein vital for immune response is found in surprise location

...tis C, West Nile, SARS and the flu viruses. Cells altered to produce an overabundance of MAVS were protected from dying from viral infection. "These results raise the possibility that variations in the expression levels of MAVS may endow different individuals with varying ability to fight off viral disease...

Scientists find microRNAs regulate plant development

...ts showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal p...

To translate touch, the brain can quickly rearrange its sense of the body

..., relative to the forehead. The sense of touch was altered within seconds of applying the vibration, suggesting a very strong and fast link between the brain systems for touch and body position. The observations showed that abnormal input into one of the body's sensory systems produced a rapid and profound ...

Achilles heel of the herpes virus possibly found

...hat HSV does not enter into pig cells that have an altered human B5 protein that is changed by mutations that affect a functional region important to forming a coiled coil. "If B5 is a SNARE-like cell fusion receptor", Fuller says, "it may turn out to be useful for more than HSV drug treatment. It could act...

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