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Tag: "alter" at biology news

Neurons generated in the adult brain learn to respond to novel stimuli

...s says. "We're also seeing how the environment can alter adult-born neurons and how experience and activity are important for making sure new cells integrate properly." An associate professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School, Macklis also notes, "These results can contribute to our efforts, and those ...

Plant defenses prompt bacterial countermeasure in the form of 'island' DNA excision

...robes themselves have depended on their ability to alter molecular attack strategies in order to flourish. In the new work, researchers have essentially caught one step of this arms race in action, and they have shed light on the molecular mechanisms employed by a bacterial pathogen to survive in the face ...

Key brain regulatory gene shows evolution in humans

...nstrates how evolution can act more efficiently to alter the regulatory segments, or "promoters," that dete...te variability than the hit-or-miss mutations that alter protein structure and function. Proteins constitute the molecular machinery of the cell, for exampl...

Novel enzyme offers new look at gene regulation

...ave purified a novel protein and have shown it can alter gene activity by reversing a molecular modification previously thought permanent. In the study, the authors showed that a protein called JHDM1A is able to remove a methyl group from histone H3, one of four histone proteins bound to all genes. Until ...

Image of myosin-actin interaction revealed in cover story of Molecular Cell

...aining or other treatment of the myosin that might alter the complex's natural mechanism of action. Myosins are a large family of motor proteins that interact with actin filaments for motor movement and muscle contraction. Myosin V is the workhorse of the myosin protein family. It exists to ferry a carg...

Switching to new anti-bacterial targets: Riboswitches

... become ineffective. While it is often possible to alter existing drugs slightly, they suggest that a longer term and more attractive solution is to create entirely new drugs that target bacteria in completely new ways. This approach lengthens the useful clinical lifetime of a drug and makes it possible to...

Cancer support cells may evolve, fuel tumor growth, study shows

...ancer cells can signal surrounding tissue cells to alter their molecular composition in ways that promote tumor growth and proliferation. Moreover, the findings also suggest that cell mutations that promote cancer progression may arise in cells other than the predominant cancer cell. The new findings are ...

Langerhans cells regulate immune reactions in the skin

...ammation. This has the potential to significantly alter understanding of the mechanisms underlying many skin disorders such as psoriasis, lupus and skin cancer. Dendritic cells are found throughout the body and are extremely efficient at alerting the immune system to the presence of pathogens and other ...

'Computer-chemistry' yields new insight into a puzzle of cell division

...earing amino acids on the protein. Those removals alter electrical charges in a way that allows the protein to pick up other phosphate-containing chemical groups to pass along as part of a molecular bucket brigade. Rudolph initially knew the kinase's and phosphatase's general topographies as well as the ...

Scientists develop protein-sequence analysis tool

...active sites, and have also used this knowledge to alter enzyme functions by switching particular amino acid residues from one class of enzyme to turn it into the related but functionally different class. But comparing sequences "manually" is labor intensive, error prone, and has become impractical for tho...

UCSD study finds anthrax toxins also harmful to fruit flies

...umans. The biologists found that anthrax toxins do alter the same signaling pathways used for cell communication in fruit flies and humans. "Drosophila is an excellent tool to understand the effect of a toxin on its host and to determine the molecular mechanism underlying its toxicity, because the fly sy...

Stem cell mobilization therapy appears to be ineffective in repairing damage caused by heart attack

...tem cells. The researchers found that this did not alter infarct size (area of damage) or left ventricular function after a heart attack. "Moreover, in contrast to other studies, no increase in the risk of restenosis (narrowing again of an artery after treatment) or major adverse cardiac events was observe...

Whole-genome study at Johns Hopkins reveals a new gene associated with abnormal heart rhythm

...figure out exactly how the DNA sequence variations alter the function of the gene, and how changes in gene function affects heart rhythm. ...

CU, USDA team to curb two invasive, poisonous vines

... are lethal hosts for monarch butterfly larvae and alter ground cover and affect habitat for grassland bird...ing whether the plants release root chemicals that alter soil conditions. Preliminary findings suggest that communities of mycorrhizae -- soil fungi that hel...

Manipulating single cell receptor alters animal behavior

...ammals. The broad implication of the findings may alter the way behavioral neuroscientists think about sub-cellular underpinnings of mammalian behavior, according to the researchers. The study, "Divergent Behavioral Roles of Angiotensin Receptor Intracellular Signaling Cascades," was published in the jo...

Researchers solve mystery of how nuclear pores duplicate before cell division

...low of information across the nuclear membrane can alter cell functioning," says Hetzer. "Nuclear pores are truly amazing," says postdoctoral researcher and co-first author Maximiliano D'Angelo, Ph.D. "They are the biggest protein structures within a cell and control the entire traffic in and out of the c...

Sea coral's trick helps scientists tag proteins

... PAFPs can be toxic to cells, and can dramatically alter their biochemistry. Further, the equipment needed to generate ultraviolet light can be expensive and in short supply. "We anticipate that Dendra will broaden considerably the circle of PAFP users," he said. ...

Escapee farmed salmon infiltrate fitter wild populations

... claim that hybridisation with farmed escapees may alter the gene pool of wild salmon, reduce its fitness and accelerate its decline." ...

Climate change drives widespread amphibian extinctions

...rnal Nature, the study reveals how the warming may alter the dynamics of a skin fungus that is fatal to amphibians. The climate-driven fungal disease, the author's say, has hundreds of species around the world teetering on the brink of extinction or has already pushed them into the abyss. "Disease is the ...

Two NIH initiatives launch intensive efforts to find roots of common diseases

...ly meaningless. But a small fraction of these SNPs alter the function of a gene ?often only slightly. The combination of many slightly altered genes may significantly increase the risk of a specific disease, but identifying such a complex set of genetics changes is challenging. Finding these disease-causin...

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