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Tag: "alter" at biology news

IBM Transforms the Art of Scientific Expeditions

...ction does not increase oxygen levels, but it does alter the behaviors that are caused by hypoxia. Similarly, tumors with an intact tumor suppressor gene known as p53 respond more readily to radiation and to HIF-1 inhibition than tumors with a mutated P53 gene. Understanding such factors can aid scientist...

Stem cells bring fast direct improvement, without differentiation, in acute renal failure

...ferentiate into kidney cells, but rather appear to alter the course of ARF by a number of identifiable and some still unexplored paracrine mechanisms. The former include the induction of organ-protective and repair-supporting genes in surviving renal cells, robust suppression of proinflammatory cytokines i...

Genomics researchers discover protein deficit that causes drug toxicity

...ich might help predict which genetic changes could alter the effect of drugs. Prior efforts to explain the mystery of thiopurine metabolism had focused on biochemical mechanisms -- not changes in protein levels. Background Researchers have known for decades that 1 in 300 patients of Caucasian European ge...

Variant prion protein causes infection but no symptoms

...esebro says, the ongoing research could eventually alter scientists' views on preventing prion diseases, shifting emphasis away from stopping the production of prion protein clumps and toward preventing interactions with prion protein anchored to cells, or learning to direct abnormal prion protein accumula...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...ven small mutations in the spike protein gene that alter the identity of amino acids at those sites can affect the virus's ability to infect humans. Such mutations enable viral transmission by altering the shape of the spike protein, which affects how well it binds to the ACE2 receptor, explained Harrison....

Genetic variation alters response to common anti-clotting drug

...ogenetics, the study of how genetic variations can alter people's responses to medicines," said NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D. "It shows one important way in which we are beginning to apply knowledge about the human genome for treating disease and improving human health." Warfarin (trade names inclu...

MSKCC researchers uncover structure of key protein complex in cells

...er proteins for destruction. It instead appears to alter their function in different ways, perhaps even by preventing ubiquitin tagging. Still, there are enough similarities between conjugation of SUMO and ubiquitin that the latest findings could help researchers understand both. "The structural network ha...

Tropical Deforestation affects rainfall in the U.S. and around the globe

...while deforestation in Southeast Asia was found to alter rainfall in China and the Balkan Peninsula. It is important to note that such changes primarily occur in certain seasons and that the combination of deforestation in these areas enhances rain in one region while reducing it in another. This finding...

UW-Madison scientists zero in on drugs' sweet spots

... the agent's biological effects. "In the past, to alter the sugars attached to these drugs was very difficult," explains Thorson, of the UW-Madison Pharmacy School's Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry. "These are very complex molecules." The new technique replaces enzymes, biological catalysts, with a...

Study findings offer potential new targets for antibiotics

...nside most cells. Many currently used antibiotics alter a ribosome's ability to make proteins, said Kurt Fredrick, a study co-author and an assistant professor of microbiology at Ohio State University. But he and his colleagues at the University of Illinois thought that there may be additional places in ...

Human brain is still evolving

...le changes in the sequences of these two genes can alter their function in such a way that would result in favorable selection. While there is some evidence from earlier studies that Microcephalin and ASPM code for proteins that regulate the proliferation of brain cells from immature neural stem cells, the...

An essential regulator of body weight revealed

...their ability to respond to hormonal signals could alter eating behavior and body weight regulation. Now that his lab has demonstrated that NPY/AgRP neurons are critical for feeding in adults, Palmiter said the next step will be to investigate what makes them so important. He and his colleagues have alrea...

Amphetamines reverse Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice

...senger dopamine. The finding that amphetamines can alter movement independently of dopamine opens up new directions in the search for prospective anti-Parkinsonian drugs, the researchers said. The researchers, led by James B. Duke professor of cell biology Marc Caron, Ph.D. and Assistant Research Professo...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...lly. To demonstrate the technique's potential to alter DNA function, the researchers modified DNA in a position that blocked another enzyme's ability to snip the molecule at its target site. "No one has really thought about possible applications [of this] before because no one thought it was possible,' s...

Fresh water affected by salt from deicing roads

... enough to induce mortality in aquatic animals and alter wetland plant composition. During the winter months chloride in urbanized areas can increase in waterways to as high as 5 g/l which is equivalent to 25% of seawater concentrations. Dr. Kaushal of the University of Maryland Center for Enviro...

Mammalian Transcriptome Mapped

...nctions. If correct, these findings will radically alter our understanding of genetics and how information is stored in our genome, and how this information is transacted to control the incredibly complex process of mammalian development. How They Mapped the Transcriptome The results that appear in a spe...

MicroRNA gene that regulates lifespan found by Yale scientists

... Slack's group found that mutations in these genes alter both the timing of the worm development stages-- and the worm lifespan. C. elegans has been the premier model organism for studying the genetics of aging, and an excellent predictor of genes that also control mammalian aging. To test their functio...

New neurons take baby steps in the adult brain

... In the mouse experiments, Goh used a technique to alter the genetics of single cells in order to change new neurons' ability to accumulate chloride ions (and thus to manipulate their response to GABA) and to make them glow with a green protein to ease their identification in the adult brain. Ge measured t...

New study expands understanding of the role of RNA editing in gene control

... the focus of study in her laboratory, are able to alter a specific occurrence of the nucleotide adenosine, changing it to inosine in the precursor molecule for miRNA-142, expressed in hematopoietic tissues. This editing had the effect of preventing a key miRNA processing enzyme called Drosha from cutting ...

Penn study finds direct role for glial cells in brain cross-talk

...his finding may cause neuroscientists to radically alter their view of the role of astrocytes as merely supportive to one of actively communicating with and instructing neurons," states senior author Philip G. Haydon, PhD, Professor of Neuroscience. "Astrocytes are not just the 'kitchen cells' of the brai...

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