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Tag: "alter" at biology news

Ancient immune defense mechanism is no match for HIV-1

...is last 'Achilles' heel that we think HIV-1 cannot alter for functional reasons. The sequence we describe may represent a viable target for RNAi that HIV-1 cannot elude by using the point mutation mechanism, " explains Dr. Jeang. The researchers include Yamina Bennasser and Kuan-Teh Jeang of the National ...

Purdue researchers use enzyme to clip 'DNA wires'

...ring techniques to snip DNA so that scientists can alter the genetic structures of organisms like bacteria. DNA molecules contain "bases" called guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine, represented as G, A, T and C. The bases combine in numerous sequences, and various restriction enzymes attach to and cut ...

Chimp genome reveals a retroviral invasion

... to offspring. Because endogenous retroviruses can alter gene function and genome structure, they can influence the evolution of their host species. Over 8% of our genome is made of these infectious remnants -- infections that scientists believe occurred before Old World and New World monkeys diverged (25 ...

NASA probe could reveal comet life, scientists claim

...diameter crater, and the impact is not expected to alter the comet's orbit. "Not only is Deep Impact a spectacular experiment, it is also a test for our long-standing arguments," added Professor Wickramasinghe. "It will show, we believe, that a comet is not a rubble pile, nor a conglomerate of ices, but a...

Tamoxifen-like drug suggests new ways to selectively block estrogen

...nce changes the shape of the receptor in ways that alter its effects on the numerous coregulatory proteins that interact with it. "We found a small, but significant, change in conformation that goes a long way towards explaining why these drugs have different effects in different tissues," said Geoffrey G...

Scientists reveal how disease bacterium survives inside immune system cell

...l of all host defense cells -- and remarkably, can alter their function, multiply within them and thereby cause infection," says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Dr. DeLeo says the findings contrast with what is known about other bacterial pathogens, most notably Staphylococcus aureus, which is of gr...

Researcher gets NSF grant to create mutant maize lines

...tly the same from seed to seed. A missing gene may alter processes in ways that are easily visible to the naked eye or through biochemical or physiological analysis. Such experimentation will give researchers a better understanding of the relationships between specific genes and complex plant systems. The...

Bacteria use host's immune response to their competitive advantage

...ccines that target one microbe might inadvertently alter the competitive interactions among other species present. ### Citation: Lysenko ES, Ratner AJ, Nelson AL, Weiser JN (2005) The role of innate immune responses in the outcome of interspecies competition for colonization of mucosal surfaces. PLoS Pat...

New Discovery May Help Doctors Treat Infertility

... interact with estrogen receptor beta and possibly alter ovarian function in women. NIEHS, a component of the National Institutes of Health, supports research to understand the effects of the environment on human health. For more information about reproductive and developmental toxicology and other enviro...

Most common lung cancers may begin in newly discovered cells

... emphysema. Or scientists could extract the BASCs, alter their genes, and replace them in a kind of cellular gene therapy for genetic diseases such a cystic fibrosis. "This work has identified a new population of cells that links the normal biology of the lung to lung cancer development," said Bender Kim....

Space matters: Estimating species diversity in the fossil record

...n the fossil record. Taking this into account will alter historical estimates of species distributions and extinction. Barnosky et al. used mapping and imaging systems that generate direct measures of the geography for a given set of fossil species. To get a sense of diversity across time and space, the a...

Scientists focus on 'dwarf eye'

...ade in a tiny portion of the human eye, and it can alter eye refraction, or focus," said Olof Sundin, Ph.D.... different function in mice and was not assumed to alter eye refraction in humans." The research team successfully mapped the MFRP gene mutation in humans...

Woods Hole Research Center plans controlled burn in Amazon rainforest

...m abandon it and move away, so until education can alter their behavior, repeated sources of ignition in the future are all but guaranteed. The expectation is that the second fire will be hotter and more damaging than the first due to the increased volume of fuel available from those trees that perished in...

Stem Cells Found In Cerebellum; Possible Cell of Origin for Childhood Brain Tumors

... team hopes to develop animal models in which they alter genes in neural stem cells and determine whether these alterations give rise to tumors. The goal is to identify the most crucial genes involved in medulloblastoma, and then develop drugs to disrupt these genes, said Wechsler-Reya. "If we found a gen...

Investigating 'brain shrinkage' in alcoholics

...the white matter was reduced. These changes likely alter the structure and function of the myelin sheath and ultimately the conduction of nerve impulses." - It is important for people who abuse alcohol to realize that some of the damage can be reversed. "Neuropsychological studies have shown that some br...

Secrets to antibody's success against West Nile Virus surprise scientists

... enters a host cell. To reproduce, a virus must alter its envelope in order to inject its genetic material inside the cell. After that injection, the virus tricks the host cell into making more copies of the genetic material that can then be assembled into new viral particles or virions and sent out to ...

Survival of heart patients on beta-blockers varies greatly with genetic variation

...se data, while provocative, should not immediately alter current practice," says lead author David E. Lanfear, M.D., formerly of the School of Medicine and now a member of the cardiology staff in the heart failure and cardiac transplant section at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. "Further investigation is n...

'Shifty-eyed' Monkeys Offer Window Into Brain's Social Reflexes

...in activity there. In future studies, they plan to alter or disrupt neurons or structures in the social-processing regions of the monkeys' brains, and explore whether the resulting behaviors mimic the symptoms of autism. Also, he said, the researchers can explore the environmental contribution to autism by...

Energy management in cells may hold key to cancer defense

...he cellular "gas gauge," AMPK, can turn around and alter any deficits in the cell if it is turned on by the kinase LKB1. In this JBC study, we wanted to see if AMPK could also be turned on by something besides LKB1." "We decided to work with cervical and lung cancer cells because LKB1 is absent from the ...

Duke Experiments Boost Radiation's Cancer-Killing Effects

...ction does not increase oxygen levels, but it does alter the behaviors that are caused by hypoxia. Similarly, tumors with an intact tumor suppressor gene known as p53 respond more readily to radiation and to HIF-1 inhibition than tumors with a mutated P53 gene. Understanding such factors can aid scientist...

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