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Tag: "air" at biology news

Ethanol vehicles pose a significant risk to human health, study finds

...renewable fuel that will reduce global warming and air pollution,'' said Jacobson, associate professor of...on used a sophisticated computer model to simulate air quality in the year 2020, when ethanol-fueled vehicles are expected to be widely available in the Un...

QUT scientists on the way to sifting out a cure for HIV

...y have the potential to remove viruses from water, air and blood. Associate Professor Huaiyong Zhu, from QUT's School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, is leading the development of these membranes, also known as nano-mesh, and said preliminary research had proved it successful in removing viruses fr...

Common algae helps illustrate mammalian brain electrical circuitry

...ain decodes the presence of these chemicals in the air and turn them into a perception. It's still quite mysterious." Ehlers said that even though these experiments shed new light on the inner workings of the olfactory system, their greatest significance is that they provided proof of principle that t...

Scientists to track impact of Asian dust and pollution on clouds, weather, climate change

...ain decodes the presence of these chemicals in the air and turn them into a perception. It's still quite mysterious." Ehlers said that even though these experiments shed new light on the inner workings of the olfactory system, their greatest significance is that they provided proof of principle that t...

Global 'sunscreen' has likely thinned, report NASA scientists

...ching the surface counteracts the effect of warmer air temperatures, so evaporation does not change very much," said Gavin Schmidt of GISS, a co-author of the paper. "Increased aerosols probably slowed the expected change in the hydrological cycle." Whether the recent decline in global aerosols will c...

Study identifies risk factors for spread of respiratory infections in hospitals

...hesize that these treatments may propel infectious air from these patients farther than without masks or ventilation. Alternatively, they may generate more infectious aerosols. "There is a gap in the knowledge of how oxygen and ventilation therapy may promote the spread of infection. Future research ...

Smoking ban dramatically reduces air pollution in Irish pubs

... in Ireland resulted in an 83 percent reduction in air pollution in pubs, an 80 percent decrease in airbo...own that a reduction of particle levels in ambient air resulted in marked health benefits in terms of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality." Accordi...

Long-term marijuana smoking leads to respiratory complaints

...rm marijuana use and relaxation and opening of the air passages. The study's physiologic data failed to show an association between long-term marijuana smoking and airflow obstruction (emphysema). However, all 14 studies that assessed long-term marijuana smoking and respiratory complications noted a...

Migration played key role in HIV spread in South Africa

...rm marijuana use and relaxation and opening of the air passages. The study's physiologic data failed to show an association between long-term marijuana smoking and airflow obstruction (emphysema). However, all 14 studies that assessed long-term marijuana smoking and respiratory complications noted a...

Ancient amphibians evolved a bite before migrating to dry land

...eding, but it does not work in the much less dense air environment. Early terrestrial inhabitants would thus have had to develop the means for chomping prey." Markey and Marshall first measured the skull roof sutures, those areas where the bones of the skull roof meet, in the living fish Polypterus as...

Penn study on olfactory nerve cells shows why we smell better when we sniff

...nd mechanical stimuli, that is pressure carried by air flow to the nostrils while breathing. The group did this first by puffing a chemical stimulus into the nose. As expected, this produced a reaction in the olfactory neurons, the primary sensory neurons in the nose that perceive odors. Researchers ...

Progress toward artificial photosynthesis?

... do it: they simply grab carbon dioxide out of the air and covert it into biomass. In this process, known as photosynthesis, the plants use light as their energy source. Chemists would also like to be able to use CO2 as a carbon source for their synthetic reactions, but it doesn’t work just like that. A ...

NASA predicts nongreen plants on other planets

... more of some colors than others. Gases in Earth's air also filter sunlight, absorbing different colors. As a result, more red light particles reach Earth's surface than blue or green light particles, so plants use red light for photosynthesis. There is plenty of light for land plants, so they do not nee...

Robotic exoskeleton replaces muscle work

...ignal from the (wearer's) muscle, it increases the air pressure into the artificial muscle on the brace," Ferris said. "Essentially the artificial muscle contracts with the person's muscle." Initially the wearer's gait was disrupted because the mechanical power added by the exoskeleton made the muscl...

UTSA researchers examine effects of global warming on Antarctic

...twork for a variety of factors including water and air temperatures, wind speed and direction, visibility, cloud cover and atmospheric pressure. "As a student it was an amazing once in a lifetime experience getting to observe scientists from different countries as they conducted their own research st...

Soft-cell approach cuts animal tests

...ffusion chamber and then exposed to selected toxic air pollutants. After as little as one hour's exposure...and testing. Many industrial and environmental air pollutants are already known to have adverse health effects on the respiratory system of workers. In...

Male reindeer inflate a large air sac in the neck region to emit their hoarse rutting calls

... scientists have determined that a male reindeer's air sac, influencing vocal sound and neck contour, may...ccording to gender. Adult males have a much larger air sac than females and the young. In early life, growth of the air sac seems to be comparable in ma...

Tropical forests -- Earth's air conditioner

...cal forests. "Tropical forests are like Earth’s air conditioner," Caldeira said. "When it comes to rehabilitating forests to fight global warming, carbon dioxide might be only half of the story; we also have to account for whether they help to reflect sunlight by producing clouds, or help to absorb it...

Helium helps patients breathe easier

... with COPD have difficulty breathing out and often air is trapped in the lungs at the end of each breath;...s down the frequency of breathing while making the air easier to breathe. This combined effect reduces the amount of air trapped in the lungs during exerci...

Biodiesel study targets cleaner air, cleaner engines

Cleaner engines, cleaner air and more uses for local farm products were the focus of a just-completed study of biodiesel as an alternative fuel source on selected Ontario farms. This province-wide initiative is the only one of its kind in Canada. It involved six farms to evalua...

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