Tag: "activity" at biology news

Scientists ID molecular 'switch' in liver that triggers harmful effects of saturated and trans fats

...002. Experiments including the measurement of gene activity by microarrays showed that saturated and trans fats caused greater activity of the gene that makes PGC-1beta co-activator than did unsaturated fats. The research also showed t...

A new mechanism of regulating RNA degradation

... genes work after transcription, by moderating the activity and the life span of the RNA itself. One major pa...dation (SMD). Preliminary results suggest that SMD activity affects numerous transcripts and, therefore, is a novel mechanism of gene regulation. "We don't yet...

FDA Approves Human Hookworm Vaccine for Phase I Safety Trials

... genes work after transcription, by moderating the activity and the life span of the RNA itself. One major pa...dation (SMD). Preliminary results suggest that SMD activity affects numerous transcripts and, therefore, is a novel mechanism of gene regulation. "We don't yet...

UCSB scientists probe sea floor venting to gain understanding of early life on Earth

...ical and biological manifestations of hydrothermal activity at two sites on the sea floor to the west of Centr...ical and biological manifestations of hydrothermal activity at two sites on young abyssal hills flanking the East Pacific Rise, a fast-spreading portion of the ...

Topical treatment shown to inhibit HIV and herpes simplex virus infection

...the first to show that a gel can retain anti-viral activity within the human vagina. The study, which was fun...mong 20 HIV-infected women to assess the antiviral activity of PRO 2000 in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid collected before and one hour after administration ...

Scientists Replicate Hepatitis C Virus in Laboratory

... life cycle ?viral entry into host cells and viral activity in the host cell before replication. “With this cell-based system, we can screen compounds with a cell-based assay to look for inhibitors of virus replication,?says Liang. “We can also apply this technique to develop model systems for other similar ...

Ecological destruction fuels emerging diseases

The destruction of habitat by human activity and the extinction of species around the world is more than a looming environmental catastrophe, warns a Canadian zoologist. This ecological damage also endangers human health by turning parasites into "evolutionary land mines." Dr. Daniel (Dan) Bro...

Bound for destruction: Ubiquitination protects against improper Notch signaling

...h.The group first showed that an increase in nedd4 activity resulted inthe nicked wing phenotype characteristi... Nedd4 and Dx viewith each other to regulate Notch activity during endocytosis, and thatNedd4 actually destabilizes Dx in the presence of Notch. Thiscompetition...

Combination therapy boosts effectiveness of telomere-directed cancer cell death

...erase. The researchers found that both tankyrase 1 activity andtelomere shortening decrease the effects of telomerase inhibitors.Importantly, tankyrase inhibition enhanced telomere shortening upontreatment with a telomerase inhibitor and accelerated cancer celldeath."This study provides insight into strategie...

GATA: a graphic alignment tool for comparative sequence analysis

...erase. The researchers found that both tankyrase 1 activity andtelomere shortening decrease the effects of telomerase inhibitors.Importantly, tankyrase inhibition enhanced telomere shortening upontreatment with a telomerase inhibitor and accelerated cancer celldeath."This study provides insight into strategie...

Learning to fight an adversary that won't stay down

...Dr. Davies. He adds that our understanding of the activity of microbes must extend beyond the newspaper headlines reporting outbreaks of these "superbugs," so that we can put the role of these organisms in the proper evolutionary perspective. This subject, and antibiotic resistance in particular, has fascina...

Scientists find missing enzyme for tuberculosis iron scavenging pathway

... to demonstrate aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase activity in Rv1347c. By solving the three-dimensional structure of Rv1347c, Dr. Baker and his colleagues have discovered that the enzyme most likely plays an entirely different role in M. tuberculosis. "What the structure showed, when combined with careful a...

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

...splanted bone more robust, Schwarz looked into the activity of the genes and proteins that govern its health. His team replaced sections of bones in dozens of mice, using both healthy and dead segments, then scanned the surrounding inflammatory tissue for differences in the levels of the active genes. He disc...

An HIV Protein Plays a Surprising Role in Gene Activation

...ivator proteins, which can enhance transcriptional activity by supporting proper elongation of nascent transcripts. Tat, an activator encoded in the HIV genome, is required for HIV gene activation and viral replication. It affects these processes, the current model holds, by stimulating transcript elongation...

Enzyme allows B cells to resist death, leading to leukemia

...nzyme was constantlyactive compared with levels of activity in normal donor cells.The authors went on to show ...cell death decreased both Lyn expressionlevels and activity ?suggesting a direct correlation between high Lynactivity and the ability of these B cells to resist...

Gene variations explain drug dose required to control seizures

...er, a variant of a second gene, called SCN1A, with activity in the brain, was found significantly more often in patients on the highest doses of both carbamazepine and phenytoin. SCN1A has been implicated in many inherited forms of epilepsy and is the drug target for phenytoin. Given its relationship to both...

Muscle-targeted gene therapy reverses rare muscular dystrophy in mice

...cialized DNA "promoter" region that restricted its activity to muscle. The investigators either injected the viral particles into the muscle or injected it intravenously in Pompe disease mice. Six weeks after muscular injection with the virus containing the muscle-restricted gene, mice exhibited high levels ...

Enzyme shown to help protect genomic stability

...ng to better understand how DNA is managed and its activity regulated. Histones are small proteins around whic...ecome available for expression. It is the complex activity governing this process to which Ubp10 contributes. Enzymatic modifications to histones control DNA a...

Scientists rid stem cell culture of key animal cells

...deeper, he found that serum replacement mimics the activity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), a molecule known to kick-start embryonic development, or in this case, cell differentiation. If serum replacement triggers stem cell differentiation, Xu deduced, there must be feeder cell molecules that oppose BM...

Vital step in cellular migration described by UCSD medical researchers

...first steps in cell migration is the initiation of activity by Rac that extends protrusions out of the cell. T...nding of the molecular mechanism that inhibits Rac activity in the back of the cell, to maintain directional movement. In laboratory experiments with human and ...

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