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Tag: "activated" at biology news

Wild vs. lab rodent comparison supports hygiene hypothesis

...dents would likely have encountered parasites that activated the production of antibodies as protection. However, the production of polyreactive, autoreactive IgG by the wild rodents was unexpected: Polyreactive, autoreactive antibodies are always found to be a type of IgM, a different type of antibody than Ig...

Flick of whiskers helps tease out brain's 'shadow' signaling system

...with a puff of air on a whisker, astrocytes become activated ?pumped with calcium ?in the section of the brain ... it's been shown before that astrocytes can become activated under extreme conditions in the laboratory, Nedergaard said this is the first time that such activit...

Dissecting the machinery of nicotine's reward

...rface of cells and trigger cellular responses when activated by either a natural chemical or an external substance such as nicotine. Researchers studying the structure of nAChRs had found that they comprise many components called subunits that influence the receptors' function. In particular, two subunits call...

Carnegie Mellon researchers discover key deficiencies in brains of people with autism

...monstrated a lower degree of synchronization among activated brain areas in people with autism, as well as smal...aging (fMRI) to view which parts of the brain were activated in people with autism compared to a control group of normal participants while completing the Tower ...

WWF captures first-ever photo of wild rhino on Borneo

...amera traps in February. Camera traps are remotely activated by infrared triggers when animals walk by. "These are very shy animals that are almost never seen alive in the wild," said Matthew Lewis, Program Officer for WWF's Species Conservation Program. "The photos we get from the camera traps will eventuall...

In drug design, a loose fit may be best bet

... on the outside of a cell, a specific G-protein is activated within the cell, initiating a cascade of biochemical events leading to the unique and appropriate cellular response to that hormone. "GPCRs are the targets of roughly a third of medicines sold today, so if this finding for TRH holds for other GPCR t...

University of Minnesota researchers take new look at cellular suicide

...other process, JNK activates the histone H2AX. The activated enzyme and the activated histone work together to make mincemeat of the DNA. Dong and his colleagues are the first to show th...

Pure novelty spurs the brain

...ia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA)--might be activated by the unexpectedness of a stimulus, the emotional...archers said their finding that the SN/VTA is more activated by greater novelty is compatible with models of brain function "that see novelty as a motivating bon...

Brain's 'gambling circuitry' identified

...ould show the researchers which areas of the brain activated during different parts of the task. In fMRI, harmless radio signals and magnetic fields are used to measure blood flow in brain regions, which reflects activity in those regions. The researchers concentrated their analysis on the "anticipatory peri...

Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out

...activate the immune system's killer T cells. These activated T cells then eliminate the existing infection and resist any future attack by memorizing that infection. DC also have an important educative role to play in preventing autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis, where the b...

Important gene controlling tree growth and development found

...r the first time after 10-15 years. If the gene is activated prematurely in a transgenic tree, the tree can be stimulated to flower already in just a few weeks. After a few months completely normal flowers are formed. It is also shown that the poplar FT gene is turned off in late summer just before the trees ...

Light-sensitive photoswitches could restore sight to those with macular degeneration

...or skin diseases, even blood diseases, that can be activated by light. This challenge lies at the frontier of nanomedicine." The research got off the ground this month thanks to a $6 million, five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), part of a nanomedicine initiative within NIH's Roadmap ...

The brain's motivation station

...rd. The researchers found that reward anticipation activated specific brain structures in the "mesolimbic" region involved in the processing of emotions. In the second task, the researchers sought to measure how this reward center promoted memory formation. They first showed subjects a "value" symbol that sig...

Mouse study reveals new clues about virulence of 1918 influenza virus

...NA using microarrays to determine which genes were activated when exposed to each of the four viruses. This ana...omoting inflammation were strongly and immediately activated following infection by the reconstructed 1918 virus. "We clearly see a dramatic and uncontrolled imm...

Epstein-Barr virus might kick-start multiple sclerosis

...As expected, the T cells in the healthy volunteers activated only in the presence of a specific group of peptides. But, Edwards said, "EBNA1-specific T cells from the MS patients not only increased in frequency, but also recognized a much broader region of the protein, compared to healthy people who carried th...

How nature tinkers with the cellular clock

...mponents of the cell cycle machinery are produced, activated and degraded to make sure that the schedule is kept. These layers of control work differently and are usually studied separately, but researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) have n...

Striking the right balance between excitation and inhibition

... and excitatory neurons: cells with high levels of activated Notch became excitatory neurons, while cells with low levels of Notch became inhibitory. Interestingly, the researchers found that one way Notch combats an inhibitory fate is to turn off another a factor known as Ptf1a, which promotes that fate. De...

Found -- the apple gene for red

...tivated." "By identifying master genes that were activated by light, Adam was able to pinpoint the gene that controls the formation of anthocyanins in apples, and we found that in green apples this gene is not expressed as much as in red apples." In collaboration with apple breeders at the Department of Ag...

Better sludge through metagenomics

..., have published the first metagenomic study of an activated sludge wastewater treatment process. The research ... wastewater and sludges, the causes and control of activated sludge bulking and foaming, and biological nutrient removal. "The findings and tools described in ...

How does a zebrafish grow a new tail?

... in zebrafish. Another, distinct signaling pathway activated by a different kind of Wnt protein called Wnt5b, t...noted, "We show that Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling is activated in the regenerating zebrafish tail and is required for the formation and subsequent proliferation of...

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