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Tag: "act" at biology news

miRNAs and musculature

...ring embryogenesis, but rather, that it appears to act to reinforce and maintain cell identity during times of rapid growth. The authors find that, as in zebrafish, mouse and humans, Dmir-1 is specifically expressed in muscle cells. Furthermore, they show that Dmir-1 expression is regulated by the pro...

Researchers develop new testing methods for potential monkeypox or smallpox outbreak

... outbreak that is either naturally occurring or an act of terrorism," said Mark Slifka, Ph.D., lead author and an assistant scientist at the VGTI, an assistant professor of molecular microbiology and immunology in the OHSU School of Medicine and an assistant scientist at the Oregon National Primate Resea...

DDT-resistant insects have additional genetic advantage that helps resistance spread

...re most commonly used in mosquito control but they act on the same target in the nervous system as DDT and ironically spraying with DDT may therefore have pre-selected for resistance to the newer pyrethroids. ...

NHGRI expands effort to revolutionize sequencing technologies

... used to synthesize DNA molecules) and nucleotides act together as direct molecular sensors of DNA base identity. The key to the system is the interaction between a fluorescent polymerase and the nucleotide, which emits a signature detectable in real-time. Xiaohua Huang, Ph.D., University of California,...

Eliminating bacterial infections out of thin air

...first time that induction of the HIF-1 pathway can act as a "super-antibiotic", accelerating the killing of bacteria in conditions typical of those found during bacterial infection and sepsis. The authors show that regulation of HIF-1 is required for immune defense against bacterial infection. They also...

Clean skies=faster global warming?

...first time that induction of the HIF-1 pathway can act as a "super-antibiotic", accelerating the killing of bacteria in conditions typical of those found during bacterial infection and sepsis. The authors show that regulation of HIF-1 is required for immune defense against bacterial infection. They also...

Study findings offer potential new targets for antibiotics

...lly are other "hot spots" on a ribosome that could act as potential targets for antibiotics ?the researchers first introduced a mutated copy of the ribosomal genes into E. coli cells and looked for those rare mutations that could interfere with cell growth. It was known from previous studies that such de...

Discovery that bacterium is phosphate gourmet key clue to what makes it most social of bacteria

...o how such a relatively simple organism is able to act in such a social manner. Dr Whitworth looked at t...uivalent of a gourmet diner. That the 3 pathways act in concert probably enables the organism to find phosphates in different chemical states or environm...

'License to kill' enables powerful immune attack cells in mice

...ly the same in immature natural killer cells, they act not as inhibitors but as enablers. In their studies, natural killer cells in mice became much more capable of mounting attacks against invaders after they first encountered the mouse version of MHC. "The structure of these receptors on human natural...

Scientists unpick genetics of first 15 minutes of life

...uding combining with the maternal DNA in the first act of genetic fertilisation. "A single gene, HIRA, looks after this re-packaging process, making it fundamental for those first 15 minutes in the regeneration of a new life." When sperm cells are created, the molecule that the sperm DNA is wrapped aro...

Scientists closer to new cancer detection method

...ands of DNA or RNA. Known as aptamers, the strands act as molecular beacons, corresponding and readily binding to a sought-after substance such as cancer protein. In this case, the target was platelet derived growth factor, or PDGF, a protein that regulates cell growth and division. Elevated PDGF level...

MicroRNAs have shaped the evolution of the majority of mammalian genes

...d time." An emerging idea is that microRNAs often act to reduce the quantity of protein a gene produces without shutting it off all together. "We think the microRNAs are sometimes having what you can call a dampening effect," says Bartel, who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and M...

Gene therapy reverses genetic mutation responsible for heart failure in muscular dystrophy

...en very effective because blood vessel capillaries act much like a mosquito net, blocking the gene drugs from reaching the muscle cells. Fortunately, we found a virus that is just small and sneaky enough to get through this net and deliver the therapeutic gene to both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells," ...

Amphetamines reverse Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice

...lso shows that amphetamines -- normally thought to act by increasing dopamine concentrations in the brain...uggested. Recent evidence showed that amphetamines act on trace amine receptors in addition to dopamine transmission, yet little is known about their physi...

Anthrax stops body from fighting back, study shows

... paralyzes neutrophils, the white blood cells that act as the body's first defense against infection, by impairing how they build tiny filaments that allow them to crawl throughout the body and eat invading bacteria. Just two hours of exposure to the lethal toxin blocks the neutrophils' ability to prod...

Researcher uncovers details of how cancer spreads

...real-world systems, while the actual proteins that act on the system may vary. In the model system, the researchers discovered critical differences between cancer cells and normal cells regarding a mechanism called endocytosis -- which cells employ to let materials enter through the cell membrane. The ...

New discovery: If it weren't for this enzyme, decomposing pesticide would take millennia

...a lucky side reaction of an enzyme that evolved to act on some natural substance yet to be identified." Horvat carried out the work in Wolfenden's laboratory by analyzing what happened to the pesticide's residue at various temperatures and then extrapolating the results to room temperature to see how lo...

Chernobyl: The true scale of the accident

...do not trust and accept the information and do not act upon it, according to the Report. This recommendation calls for targeting information to specific audiences, including community leaders and health care workers, along with a broader strategy that promotes healthy lifestyles as well as information a...

'Smart' nanoprobes light up disease

...entions, including the growing class of drugs that act as protease inhibitors. What is particularly powerful about the protease imaging probes described in this study is the combination of the contrast enhancement achievable through an activateable probe with the imaging advantages provided by the bright...

Stem cells' electric abilities might help their safe clinical use

...an embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These ion channels act like electrical wires and permit ESCs, versatile cells that possess the unique ability to become all cell types of the body, to conduct and pass along electric currents. If researchers could selectively block some of these channels in implanted cell...

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