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Tag: "act" at biology news

Red delicious, Northern Spy apples have most antioxidants, chemists find

...d other cancers. Polyphenols ?phytochemicals that act like astringents ?are major sources of antioxidants in apples, but which polyphenols are most active in the fruit has perplexed scientists. Tsao and his colleagues used three different laboratory measures to evaluate polyphenol activity in apples tha...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

...to the host. Damazo et al. studied this balancing act by analyzing the effects of the bacterial toxin LPS on normal and annexin 1 knockout mice. Annexin 1 was chosen because it appears to be involved in the resolution phase of the immune response: its expression on white blood cells impairs their abilit...

Man-made wetland's effectiveness similar to natural marsh

... called the "kidneys" of the environment, wetlands act as buffer zones between land and waterways. They also act as sinks ?wetlands filter out chemicals in water that runs off from farm fields, roads, parking lots...

Microarrays as phenotype

...w that they can determine the order in which genes act in a cascade that results in a particular phenotype. Shaulsky and his co-authors performed their work in Dictyostelium (Dictyostelium discoideum), a form of soil amoeba used in the laboratory because many of its 10,000 genes are homologues or equiva...

Where bacteria get their genes

...load into other bacteria. This way, bacteriophages act as shuttles, taking up DNA from one bacterium and dumping it into another. Bacteria can also make contact by tiny connection tubes through which they exchange pieces of DNA. They can also take up genetic material from the environment. Ochman thinks ...

Purdue researchers use enzyme to clip 'DNA wires'

... automatically attracted to the DNA strands, which act as tiny scaffolds for creating wires. Other researchers have "metalized" DNA by coating it with copper, gold and platinum, but no other researchers have coated DNA and then cut the strands into smaller pieces using a "restriction enzyme," a class of...

Insects, viruses could hold key for better human teamwork in disasters

...ent of ad hoc, flexible networks of responders who act largely on the basis of local information. Such a strategy would be enormously helpful in helping us cope with disasters such as the recent tsunami in the Indian Ocean." One of the ways these researchers hope to advance understanding of the dynamics...

Nanobacteria in clouds could spread disease, scientists claim

...ky protein (slime) coating nanobacteria makes them act as extremely efficient cloud condensation nuclei, with a tendency to aggregate to clusters upon contact." Their work corroborates the findings of Ruprecht Jaenicke, of the Institute for Atmospheric Physics at Mainz University, Germany, on bioaerosol...

Mutation in clams protects against paralytic shellfish poisoning but raises human health risk

...ide contaminated areas, the toxin and the mutation act together to influence the shellfish population, the authors conclude. ...

Scientists find viruses can't stick to sea bugs in the dark

...y as the photosynthetic plants and forests on land act as the other part of the planet's lungs. But the whole delicate balance of the seas, and so the overall fate of the planet, relies on even smaller microbes called cyanophages - marine viruses that specifically attack and infect cyanobacteria. These p...

Computational Tool Predicts How Drugs Work In Cells, Advancing Efforts To Design Better Medicines

The ability to select and develop compounds that act on specific cellular targets has just gained a com...ol, drug developers can design compounds that will act on only desired gene and protein targets, eliciting therapeutic responses free of unwanted side effe...

Cancer drug slows poxvirus in mice

... that smallpox virus could be unleashed through an act of bioterror. For this reason, scientists are working to better understand the mechanisms of smallpox disease and to develop new and improved smallpox treatments and vaccines. NIAID is a component of the National Institutes of Health, an agency of t...

Random gene expression may drive HIV into hiding

... view based on the belief that the system can only act in a predetermined way," said lead author Leor Weinberger, who conducted the research as an HHMI predoctoral fellow in the laboratory of HHMI investigator Adam Arkin, in close collaboration with David Schaffer in the University of California at Berke...

Ocean climate predicts elk population in Canadian Rockies

...tively light, sleek bodies and big, wide paws that act like snowshoes. In the Canadian Rockies, wolves rely on elk meat for 40 to 70 per cent of their diet. "The elk are already at a deficit in the winter. There is less grass to eat, and their bodies have to work harder and use more energy to stay warm,...

Researchers discover stem cell 'guide' that may be key for targeting neural stem cell treatments

...at least 40 percent of all medicines on the market act on this family of receptors. ...

Depression gene may weaken mood-regulating circuit

...he most widely prescribed class of antidepressants act by blocking this protein, researchers have focused on possible functional consequences of a slight variation in its DNA sequence across individuals. Everyone inherits two copies of the gene, one from each parent, which comes in two common versions: s...

Where Bacteria Get Their Genes

...load into other bacteria. This way, bacteriophages act as shuttles, taking up DNA from one bacterium and dumping it into another. Bacteria can also make contact by tiny connection tubes through which they exchange pieces of DNA. They can also take up genetic material from the environment. Ochman thinks ...

When it comes to cell entry, being average has its advantages

...e cell membrane. Protein receptors on the membrane act like hooks, grabbing onto hooks, or ligands, on the particle, much like two pieces of Velcro. As more and more chemical hooks are recruited for the task, the membrane wraps around the particle until it is completely engulfed. This is how herpes and i...

Brown-Harvard team solves mobile DNA's surgical sleight-of-hand

... create a 3-D digital image of λ-INT caught in the act of carrying out site-specific recombination. In complementary experiments carried out at Brown and published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Radman-Livaja tagged bits of lambda DNA with dyes that allowed her to draw ...

Motor transport in bio-nano systems

...d RNA hybridization, these transport systems would act to increase the hybridization rates. In general, biomimetic systems based on molecular motors and filaments have many potential applications in bionanotechnology, pharmacology, and medicine. During the next couple of years, we may witness the develo...

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