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Tag: "acids" at biology news

Give thanks for the cranberry, say dental researchers

... most cavities by eating sugars and then excreting acids that cause dental decay. "Scientists believe that one of the main ways that cranberries prevent urinary tract infections is by inhibiting the adherence of pathogens on the surface of the bladder. Perhaps the same is true in the mouth, where bacteria...

Grabbing addiction by the tail

...ptide ?a long molecule made from a string of amino acids ?with a structure similar to the tail of the glutamate receptor that is anchored inside the cell. In addiction, cellular machinery tugs on this tail, pulling the entire receptor into the cell. Without its business end sticking out into the synapse, o...

Protein behind autumn color splendor identified

...s is that the proteins in the leaves contain amino acids that the plant needs to recycle. The leaves' proteins are therefore degraded and the amino acids are stored in the trunk, branches, and roots until next year, when they are used as building blocks ...

Study provides insight into cellular defenses against genetic mutation

...tructions are stored in chains of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), they are put into practice by ribonucleic acids (RNA). Messenger RNA (mRNA), a modified copy of DNA, is transported to cellular factories called rib...

Scientists crack 40-year-old DNA puzzle and point to 'hot soup' at the origin of life

...translated into one of 20 amino acids. These amino acids are then strung together in the order dictated by ...is. "Why there are so many more codons than amino acids has puzzled scientists ever since it was discovered how the genetic code works," said Dr Jean van de...

UF scientist finds unexpected link between cat and human AIDS viruses

...amily," Yamamoto said. "For that reason, the amino acids that make up the proteins in both viruses share some common regions. There appear to be regions of HIV, or variations of the core protein we used in our studies, that may provide protection in vaccine form against HIV." Some compounds made from sep...

Color perception is not in the eye of the beholder: It's in the brain

... to test for color perception. Likewise, the amino acids that make up two of the three different-colored cones are so similar that there are no stains that can bind to some and not others, a process often used by researchers to differentiate cell types under a microscope. Imaging the living retina allowed...

Drug resistant avian influenza viruses more common in Southeast Asia than North America

...ne is caused by substitutions of one of five amino acids in the part of the M2 protein called the transmembrane domain-the part of M2 located within the coat of the influenza virus. The M2 protein is an ion channel located in the envelope of the virus that permits hydrogen ions (protons) to enter the flu ...

Immune system has evolved to prevent autoimmune disease

...bout 100,000 proteins with an average of 500 amino acids apiece. Consequently, there are about one trillion potential docking sites, or epitopes, where antibodies could mistakenly attach themselves to proteins in a healthy cell. The mutation response method employed by our adaptive immune system seems keye...

Field tested: Grasslands won't help buffer climate change as carbon dioxide levels rise

...w they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular organ...

Nighttime Dying Linked To Sleep Apnea From Brain Cell Loss

...w they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular organ...

New discovery blurs distinction between human cells and those of bacteria

...w they might work. We can see the particular amino acids and atoms." A key distinction separating the cells of primitive organisms like bacteria, known as prokaryotes, from the cells of complex organisms like humans is that complex cells -- eukaryotic cells -- have a much higher level of subcellular organ...

Researchers discover new tumor defense system

...earchers have discovered that tumors release fatty acids that interfere with the cells that are trying to k...uently, strategies that reduce the amount of fatty acids surrounding the tumors may give a boost to anti-cancer therapeutics. The details of these findings a...

Cells direct membrane traffic by channel width

...hannel, or the other way around, by mutating amino acids that line the pore of the channel, but they have f...d be manipulated by inducing the surrounding amino acids to create a hydrophobic or semi-hydrophobic lining required for glycerol passage. Success in doing s...

Learning how SARS spikes its quarry

...important new information about two specific amino acids on the spike protein. These were the amino acids that Farzan and his colleagues had previously determined to be the most critical for determining how...

Computers close in on protein structure prediction

... computer program folded 17 short strings of amino acids into 100,000 possible variations. When the researc...t stage takes advantage of the fact that all amino acids have identical sections, which form the protein backbone. The computer adds a fuzzy picture of the p...

Evolution of life on Earth may hold key to finding life in outer space

...uch as the same genetic code, the same major amino acids in proteins, and ?with minor exceptions ?the use of DNA or occasionally RNA as genetic material," Fox said. "This suggests life had a single origin from an earlier 'prebiotic' world, and research in NASA's Exobiology Program seeks to understand how t...

UCSD discovery may provide novel method to generate medically useful proteins

...the researchers describe how by altering the amino acids at one or more of just 12 sites on the predator protein, the phage are able to generate 10 trillion proteins, each with the potential to bind to a different prey protein. This variability arises as DNA is being copied into the RNA blueprint for the ...

Genomics researchers discover protein deficit that causes drug toxicity

...ne -- specifically, a switch in 2 out of 245 amino acids -- that results in the absence of the protein needed to properly metabolize thiopurine drugs. In patients with the genetic defect, instead of helping heal, a standard dose of thiopurine drugs can cause fatal bone marrow destruction. Though Mayo Clini...

Researchers create functioning artificial proteins using nature's rules

..., scientists have known that the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein determines the protein's st...cids, the number of possible combinations of amino acids is staggering, many times more than the number of atoms in the known universe. "How did nature dev...

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