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Tag: "acids" at biology news

Study by Einstein researchers could lead to a novel strategy for treating obesity

... Medicine have shown that reducing levels of fatty acids in the hypothalamus causes rats to overeat and become obese. Their results suggest that restoring fatty-acid levels in the brain may be a promising way to treat obesity. The study, published in the January 15th on-line edition of Nature Neuroscience,...

Rutgers researchers find fat gene

...d. The group worked out the sequence of the amino acids that make up the PAP enzyme, allowing them to backtrack along the path to its origin ?the gene that coded it ?linking the enzyme to the yeast gene PAH1 that made it. Carman and his group went on to confirm the link by introducing the yeast gene into ...

Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis

...terpillar concentrated these polyunsaturated fatty acids and then transferred them to the butterfly," says Connor. "The polyunsaturated fatty acids can act as precursor substances for prostaglandin and other ferments that may be very necessary in t...

Protein translation in sperm

...vine and mouse sperm all incorporate labeled amino acids into polypeptides during the capacitation phase. They identify that mitochondrial translation machinery (as opposed to cytoplasmic) directs translation of nuclear-encoded genes in sperm, and that its inhibition leads to a marked decrease in sperm mot...

UW-Madison engineers squeeze secrets from proteins

...ins form or "fold" from sequenced strings of amino acids has long been one of the grand challenges of biology. A common belief holds that the more proteins are confined by their environment, the more stable - or less likely to unfold - they become. Now, as reported on the cover of the March issue of Biop...

Immune system response to viral DNA is unique

...ced in two categories based on the type of nucleic acids that comprise their genome: viruses made of RNA an...fected cells sense the presence of foreign nucleic acids as viruses replicate inside them and distill the problem of recognizing a dizzying array of viruses ...

Tastier tomatoes in the future?

...and, we measured higher amounts of essential amino acids and vitamins, on the other hand the fruits showed an altered combination of various sugars and organic acids," Fernie says. These contents have a great influence on the taste of tomatoes. The scientists used molecular biological methods to identify ...

'Accelerated evolution' converts RNA enzyme to DNA enzyme in vitro

...o cellular life based on DNA and proteins. Nucleic acids are large complex molecules that store and convey genetic information, but can also function as enzymes. While the transfer of sequence information between two different classes of nucleic acid-like molecules-between RNA and DNA, for example-is stra...

MIT chemist discovers secret behind nature's medicines

...Normally, iron-containing enzymes have three amino acids that hold the iron in the active site. In this enzyme, however, one of the typical amino acids was substituted with a much shorter one. That smaller substitute leaves more room in the active sit...

A salty tale: New bacterial genome sequenced from ancient salterns

...uber's proteins are typically rich in acidic amino acids and relatively poor in hydrophobic (water-repellent) amino acids, making them soluble and highly stable at such salt concentrations. Researchers recognized this biochemical adaptation: it's the same one used by archaea also living in the salterns. T...

Have a taste for fat? Yes! A sensor in the mouth promotes preference for fatty foods

...hey show that lingual stimulation of CD36 by fatty acids influences behavioral and digestive physiology. CD36 gene inactivation fully abolishes both the spontaneous preference for fat and the changes in gastrointenstinal secretions mediated by oral delivery of lipids. These findings unveil one potential p...

'Computer-chemistry' yields new insight into a puzzle of cell division

...ve the phosphates from two phosphate-bearing amino acids on the protein. Those removals alter electrical charges in a way that allows the protein to pick up other phosphate-containing chemical groups to pass along as part of a molecular bucket brigade. Rudolph initially knew the kinase's and phosphatase'...

Researchers discover new form of cancer gene regulation

...ellular machinery makes a protein by linking amino acids together according to the plan described in the messenger RNA and thereby based on the information from the DNA sequence of the gene. Iannaccone and colleagues showed that after the messenger RNA for GLI1 is made, it binds to the Quaking protein a...

The nude mouse tale: Omega-3 fats save the life of a terminal cancer patient

...dini's previous research showed that omega-3 fatty acids significantly depressed the growth of human mammar...d foods from his diet. Corn contains omega-6 fatty acids that Pardini said are found to increase cancer growth. Pardini is optimistic of what his findings ...

Greasing interferon's gears may pave way to greater therapeutic benefits, fewer side effects

...Stat1 protein in which the identities of two amino acids were switched. Investigations conducted on cells growing in culture showed that the altered Stat1 proteins reacted more efficiently to the presence of both type I and type II interferons. Further tests revealed that the souped-up Stat1 recruited more...

Many needles, many haystacks

...y. A protein consists of a sticky string of amino acids which usually folds up because of attractions betw... a protein sequence that may be thousands of amino acids long."The method Neduva and his colleagues invented draws on large-scale studies of protein binding ...

Free-energy theory borne out in large-scale protein folding

...f them. Each of these proteins is a chain of amino acids strung end-to-end like beads in necklace. For long...ntists know proteins containing 100 or fewer amino acids fold in a very cooperative (all-or-none) fashion, it is believed that larger proteins fold through t...

'Acid rain' and forest mass: Another perspective

...tion conditions present in the atmosphere, produce acids that are deposited, amongst other places, on the forest biomass. Also, intensification in the cattle sector, together with stabling and grouping together of herds, have given rise to the concentration of ammonia emissions in certain zones. This compo...

Anti-cancer drugs may hold promise for premature aging disorder

...mplicated in progeria causes a section of 50 amino acids within the lamin A protein to be deleted, resulting in a mutated protein that is called progerin. This protein fails to integrate properly into the lamina, thereby disrupting the nuclear scaffolding and causing gross disfigurement of the nucleus. Cel...

Delaware scientists make significant advance in study of small RNAs

...nificant advance in the study of small ribonucleic acids (RNAs), discovering 10 times more small RNAs in the plant Arabidopsis than previously had been identified. The advance is reported in the Sept. 2 issue of Science magazine. The research was conducted over the course of the last year and a half by te...

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