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Tag: "acid" at biology news

An elephant tail

Use of the amino acid supplement L-arginine following a heart attack does not improve certain cardiac functions and measurements and may be associated with an increased risk of death, according to a study in the January 4 issue of JAMA. L-arginine is a widely available d...

Hopkins study suggests commercially available antibiotic may help fight dementia in HIV patients

...f a brain chemical called EAAT-2 (excitatory amino acid transporter-2). EAAT-2 absorbs the neurotransmitter glutamate from the space between neurons (the synapse), thereby preventing excess neuronal excitation, which in turn can cause cell death and brain damage. Ceftriaxone, used to treat pneumonias, se...

Salmon go veggie to save wild fish stocks

... long as we meet the basic essential omega-3 fatty acid needs of the salmon with some dietary fish oil, such as those for EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), the fish can be reared successfully on these alternate diets", says Professor Brauner, "As aquaculture continues to expand, ...

Oxidation defense in mosquitoes benefits malaria parasite

...that is responsible for the production xanthurenic acid (XA) in Anopheles gambiae, the malaria carrying mosquitoes. XA plays a key role in the sexual reproduction of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) in A. gambiae mosquitoes. Interfering with the formation of XA could be an avenue for developme...

One big biology question solved

...me present in male embryos that wipes out retinoic acid and so suppresses meiosis until after birth, resulting in sperm production. "This is an extremely important process that nobody has been able to figure out until now," Professor Koopman said. "It is textbook science and it should provide the basi...

Chocolate, wine, spicy foods may be OK for heartburn, Stanford study finds

...es published worldwide on heartburn, also known as acid reflux or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), ...of your bed will cut down on the amount of stomach acid that can enter your esophagus while you sleep. But Gerson noted a conundrum in her counsel. Althoug...

Unusual mechanism keeps repair protein accurate

...ich domain because it has high levels of the amino acid proline. "There was no known function for a structure like the proline-rich domain, so we at first thought it did nothing more than connect the docking region of the protein with regions three and four," Suo says. "Then by accident we learned t...

Production of key Alzheimer's protein monitored for first time in humans

... scientists give test subjects a form of the amino acid leucine that has been very slightly altered to label it. Inside the leucine are carbon atoms with 13 neutrons and protons in their nucleus instead of the more common 12 neutrons and protons--in scientific parlance, carbon 13 instead of carbon 12. "...

African parasite makes component of fat differently from all other organisms

... membrane by an anchor composed in part of a fatty acid only 14 units long - dubbed myristate -- whereas t...ould see any evidence that it could make the fatty acid itself," says Paul Englund, Ph.D., a professor of biological chemistry in the Institute of Basic Bio...

Finding a better way to make biodiesel

...ing biodiesel out of the chemical mixture requires acid neutralization, water washes and separation steps. It's a tedious process that dissolves the catalysts so they can't be used again, Lin said. So Lin and his research team started looking for technologies that would create an easier, more efficient ...

Despite acidity, orange juice could still be a source of foodborne disease

... collect information on Salmonella outbreaks, high acid beverages like orange juice were not considered to even possibly be involved as carriers," says Beuchat. At least that was the case until just a little over 10 years ago. Since the mid-1990s a number outbreaks of salmonellosis have been associate...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...ry, University of California, Davis. Isolated from acid hot spring in Yellowstone; degrades cellulose, source of high-temperature enzymes. Clostridium thermocellum. David Wu, University of Rochester; Mike Himmel, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Cellulose degrader. Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC334...

How IVF could be causing genetic errors in embryos

... Wiedeman syndrome. Slc38a4 ?plays a role in amino acid transport to cells. Copg2 ?plays a role in transport of proteins within cells and is associated with Silver-Russell syndrome, a growth disorder occurring in 1 in 75,000 births (involves intrauterine growth restriction and subsequent poor growth). G...

Friendly bacteria in chewing gum that bites back

... surface of teeth, where it produces an aggressive acid that breaks down the enamel. The friendly bugs in the gum will make the S. Mutans clump together, preventing them from becoming attached to the tooth surface. Tests reveal that the chewing gum can reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth fifty time...

Study finds that a woman's chances of having twins can be modified by diet

...ng the chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the IVF incubation media might decrease the unwanted complication. ...

Study reveals details of mussels' tenacious bonds

...er single molecule study to focus on the key amino acid 3,4-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), a tyrosine derivative that is found in high concentration in the "glue" proteins of mussels. The researchers, led by Phillip B. Messersmith, associate professor of biomedical engineering in the McCormick School ...

'Sticky' mice lead to discovery of new cause of neurodegenerative disease

...s responsible for loading, or "charging" the amino acid alanine onto transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Transfer RNAs ... mischarged, would incorporate the incorrect amino acid into proteins. Although proteins begin as long strings of amino acids, they are ultimately folded in...

Natural vitamin E tocotrienol reaches blood at protective levels

...ociated with cardiovascular disease, and the fatty acid linoleic acid, which can directly stimulate damaging free radical activity. Fatty acids are related to stroke: They rapidly accumulate when a clot in a vessel stops blood flow to the brain, and play a role in irreversible brain injury. To observe ...

Compound in dairy products targets diabetes

...ological purpose is to sense fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites within the cell, says Vanden Heuvel. When the synthetic drugs interact with these protein receptors, it turns the receptor "on," making it an active form of the protein, which then interacts with DNA and regulates gene expression. Thi...

A single sugar found responsible for an antibody's ability to treat inflammation

...s in the IVIG solution carry a sugar called sialic acid that is required for its protective ability. IgG...they discovered that just the very terminal sialic acid on the Fc portions of the IgG molecule were the root of the anti-inflammatory activity. When the res...

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