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Tag: "acid" at biology news

Rutgers researchers find fat gene

...he discovery that lipin is an enzyme (phosphatidic acid phosphatase or PAP), a protein catalyst that is required for the formation of fats ?triglycerides, specifically. The breakthrough for Carman's group grew out of work with ordinary baker's yeast; a simple single cell organism. "We isolated the PAP e...

Study by Einstein researchers could lead to a novel strategy for treating obesity

...y shows that this brain region also monitors fatty acid levels and responds by controlling appetite. The study focused on malonyl CoA, a molecule suspected of being one of the critical nutrients influencing hypothalamic regulation of eating behavior. Previous studies had shown that hypothalamic levels of...

Sea coral's trick helps scientists tag proteins

...equence for Dendra and an accompanying short amino acid tail can be inserted into the gene encoding the protein a scientist wants to study. In living cells, the fluorescent tail is produced along with the protein, acting like a beacon to researchers who want to learn what the main protein does and where i...

Research details how a virus hijacks cell signals to cause infection

...deeper into cells where it can release its nucleic acid payload and complete the process of infection. "We showed for the first time that this virus is dependent on signaling pathways to drive invasion," said Dr. Bergelson. Specifically, the coxsackievirus activates kinases, enzymes that are instrumenta...

Polymer aids in blood clotting, pointing way to new treatment

...overing mechanisms in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. "Roberto has discovered a novel structure of major metabolic importance that regulates the levels of calcium and phosphate within all cells," said Kornberg, an emeritus professor of biochemistry in Stanford University's Sc...

Unraveling the mysteries of poison

...ly effective when it recognises a particular amino acid sequence in the ion channel. It is also important how intrinsically flexible the binding partner is; for a strong interaction to take place, the molecules of both partners have to be able to change their structures. Applying these new spectroscopic ...

Novel method reveals how menthol discovery could point towards new or improved pain therapies

...well established method to mutate individual amino acid residues in an ion channel protein and examine the...he new methodology could be used to identify amino acid residues in certain ion channel proteins and G-protein coupled receptors (proteins involved in stimu...

AIDS drug from sunflowers

... One million euros per gram 'Dicaffeoyl quinic acid can prevent the HI virus from reproducing, at least in cell cultures,' explains Claudio Cerboncini, who is now working at the caesar research centre. 'It is one of the few substances known today which inhibit viral integrase ?this is an enzyme which ...

Creation of antibiotic in test tube holds promise for better antibiotics

...na-Champaign. Nisin, a peptide, contains 34 amino acid residues and the unusual amino acids lanthionine, methyllanthionine, dehydroalanine and dehydro-amino-butyric acid. The latter are made by post-translational modification of proteins. Nisin works well against Gram-positive bacteria and food-borne pa...

Scientists force viruses to evolve as better delivery vehicles for gene therapy

...m those of the original strain by only seven amino acid building blocks, two of which were responsible for..., just trying to rationally decide which two amino acid changes to make on the virus, there is no way you would have guessed those two," Schaffer said. "Usi...

Jefferson researchers building a better rabies vaccine

...in a rabies virus gene that changes a single amino acid in the virus's outer coat. The alteration was enough to turn a "safe" virus into a deadly version, making the virus unusable for vaccination. Wildlife rabies is a substantial health problem in the United States. It is particularly prevalent along th...

Hopkins researchers discover genetic switch that turns off an oxygen-poor cell's combustion engine

...urvival depends on it to convert glucose to lactic acid through glycolysis even in the presence of ample oxygen. Disruption of the switch by a drug may cause cancer cells to pollute themselves with toxic oxygen molecules and undergo apoptosis or cell death. The new finding, made by Hopkins graduate stude...

Gene variation increases SIDS risk in African Americans

...iate consequences of apnea is a slight increase in acid levels inside oxygen-hungry muscle cells. When th...s with two copies of the Y1103 channels even under acid conditions. Although, the authors note, this study supports a role of Y1103 in SIDS, and the previ...

Pennsylvania researchers find liver transplants provide metabolic cure for rare genetic disease

...iver function, according to the researchers. Amino acid levels in the study patients stabilized within 6-12 hours of transplant and remained stable since transplant despite unrestricted intake of protein. MSUD is a metabolic disease which causes amino acids from proteins to accumulate in the body. The di...

Protein receptor cools passion of 'kiss and run' nerve cells

...at causes release of neurotransmitter -- the amino acid glutamate. "It's very fast," said Alford. "You turn on a G protein, and it immediately targets the mechanism to modify release." On the receiving cell, the post-synaptic side, there is a range of protein receptors that vary in sensitivity to the am...

New Research Shows Artificial Light at Night Stimulates Breast Cancer Growth in Laboratory Mice

...nterferes with the tumor’s ability to use linoleic acid as a growth signal, which causes tumor metabolism and growth activity to shut down.?/p> To test this hypothesis, the researchers injected human breast cancer cells into laboratory mice. Once these cells developed into cancerous tumors, the tumors...

Gene thwarts some pathogens, gives access to others, could save crops

...salicylic acid," he said. "The amount of salicylic acid determines the type and level of a plant's respons...culate that there is an optimum level of salicylic acid that is required for pathogen defense. When that level is exceeded, in some cases it may promote sus...

Enzyme crystal structure reveals 'unexpected' genome repair functions

...that unwind or separate the strands of the nucleic acid double helix, an action that is critical to transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER), as well as other cell processes. "XPB was initially identified as the gene responsible for NER defects in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, who are hypers...

Use of amino acid supplement following a heart attack provides no benefit, may be harmful

Use of the amino acid supplement L-arginine following a heart attack does not improve certain cardiac functions and measurements and may be associated with an increased risk of death, according to a study in the January 4 issue of JAMA. L-arginine is a widely available d...

Little known DNA repair enzyme may be a tumor suppressor gene

Use of the amino acid supplement L-arginine following a heart attack does not improve certain cardiac functions and measurements and may be associated with an increased risk of death, according to a study in the January 4 issue of JAMA. L-arginine is a widely available d...

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