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Tag: "acid" at biology news

Targeted drug delivery achieved with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates

... using nanoparticle-apatamer conjugates. Nucleic acid ligands (referred to as aptamers) are short DNA or RNA fragments that can bind to target antigens with high specificity and affinity; analogous to monoclonal antibodies. In the field of cancer nanotechnology, aptamers have the potential to act as tar...

Researchers use 'trickery' to create immune response against melanoma

... using nanoparticle-apatamer conjugates. Nucleic acid ligands (referred to as aptamers) are short DNA or RNA fragments that can bind to target antigens with high specificity and affinity; analogous to monoclonal antibodies. In the field of cancer nanotechnology, aptamers have the potential to act as tar...

Have a taste for fat? Yes! A sensor in the mouth promotes preference for fatty foods

...ltifunctional glycoprotein CD36 (also termed fatty acid transporter, FAT) as the sensor for fat. They show that lingual stimulation of CD36 by fatty acids influences behavioral and digestive physiology. CD36 gene inactivation fully abolishes both the spontaneous preference for fat and the changes in gas...

Feeling old?

...breakdown starts to win. However, adding the amino acid leucine to the diet of old individuals can set things straight again. This is the finding of research performed by Lydie Combaret, Dominique Dardevet and colleagues at the Human Nutrition Research Centre of Auvergne, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France. ...

Scientists develop protein-sequence analysis tool

...ups of related proteins and flags individual amino acid positions that are likely to control function. Bi... related groups of proteins differ either in amino acid identity or in a property such as charge or polarity. "Experience tells us that such positions are ...

Birth defects: 8 million annually worldwide

...entions that would have immediate impact are folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects; iodination of salt to prevent severe congenital hypothyroidism; and rubella immunization to prevent congenital rubella syndrome. Recommendations in the report with both immediate and long-term impact...

A real time look at interactions between RNA and proteins

... One end of the molecule, called a peptide nucleic acid (PNA), has a cell-penetrating peptide called transportan 10 to first get the PNA through the cell membrane. Once in the cell, the PNA binds to a specific target messenger RNA (mRNA). There is also a compound on the molecule that can be activated by l...

'Virus chip' detects new virus in prostate tumors

...er the slide, and wherever the two sets of nucleic acid match up, they anneal to each other. The slide is then rinsed and visualized with a scanning laser microscope. The dots that have found a match glow with fluorescent light. ...

Intelligently designed molecular evolution

...s can be altered with just a small number of amino acid substitutions, a property known as plasticity," sa...ks. Multiple combinations of many different amino acid substitutions are tested in promiscuous enzymes until an evolutionary path that achieves a desired r...

Sweetgum tree could help lessen shortage of bird flu drug

... the world’s largest scientific society. Shikimic acid is used to make a generic drug called oseltamivir ...problem resides in the drug’s source: The shikimic acid used to make it is obtained almost exclusively from the Chinese star anise, a fruit that is found ma...

Researchers map of genetic variations implicated in disease

...past." The study further described over 300 amino acid changing variants in gene sequences. These variants are strong candidates for functional studies to understand the role of variation in MHC-associated disease. Autoimmune disease affects about 3 million people in the UK. The three haplotypes studied...

MIT chemist discovers secret behind nature's medicines

...in their structures. But it's just a smaller amino acid change in the active site. Things are usually not this simple, but there's an elegant beauty in this simplicity," and it may be what gives other enzymes the prowess required for making other medicinally valuable halogenated natural products, too. ...

'Accelerated evolution' converts RNA enzyme to DNA enzyme in vitro

...quential genetic information proceeds from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, and from nucleic acid to protein. But a far different situation exists with regard to the transfer of catalytic function, ...

Evolutionary biology research techniques predict cancer

...ophagus change due to repeated exposure to stomach acid from reflux, a condition often referred to as heartburn. Doctors typically adopt a "wait and watch" approach to treating patients with Barrett's esophagus because the condition only rarely leads to cancer and is difficult to treat surgically. In the...

Researchers create pigs that produce heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids

...ophagus change due to repeated exposure to stomach acid from reflux, a condition often referred to as heartburn. Doctors typically adopt a "wait and watch" approach to treating patients with Barrett's esophagus because the condition only rarely leads to cancer and is difficult to treat surgically. In the...

There's something fishy about human brain evolution

...icular polyunsaturated fatty acid: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is critical to proper neuron function. Human baby fat provides both an energy source for the rapidly growing infant grey matter, and also, says Dr. Cunnane, a greater concentration of DHA per pound than at any other time in life. Aquatic ...

Immune system response to viral DNA is unique

... function differently from all other known nucleic acid sensors," Stetson said. "The unique immune response activated by foreign DNA suggests that DNA viruses and RNA viruses are detected by different mechanisms." Stetson said one important question raised by these findings is how this newly described sy...

Environmental metagenomics diagnosing extreme environments, tapping opportunities for clean energy

...f any environment, even such extreme conditions as acid mine drainage," says Edward M. Rubin, DOE JGI Director. "We can then survey this vast catalog of biodiversity and harness the microbial pathways that catalyze the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as wood chips, crop residue, and variou...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

...e lore of marathoners and extreme athletes, lactic acid is poison, a waste product that builds up in the m...Berkeley, however, tells a different story: Lactic acid can be your friend. Coaches and athletes don't realize it, says exercise physiologist George Brooks...

Butterflies lose body fat during metamorphosis

... Farm in Belize, the scientists analyzed the fatty acid composition and content of the butterflies, their ...nsumption of the larva and then analyzed the fatty acid composition and content of the diet as well as the larva. Once the larva had transformed into butte...

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