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Tag: "acid" at biology news

Oldest fossil human protein ever sequenced

...e and remarkable to be able to determine the amino acid sequence of this protein. Protein sequences may b...nce difference is at position nine where the amino acid hydroxyproline is replaced by proline. The authors suggest that this is a dietary response, as the ...

Basis for DNA ejection from single phage particles

...t directly contacting the membrane. Phage nucleic acid transport poses a fascinating biophysical problem: Transport is unidirectional and linear; it concerns a unique molecule the size of which may represent 50 times that of the bacterium. The driving force for DNA transport is still poorly defined. It w...

Conserved amino acids play both structural and mechanistic roles in sandwich-like protein

...ght amino acids by exchanging a nonessential amino acid for each of them and monitoring the effect on the protein structure. (For technical reasons, the other two amino acids could not be studied.) The researchers found that three of the amino acids are important for stabilizing the final structure of the...

Successful Test Of Single Molecule Switch Opens The Door To Biomolecular Electronics

... By measuring the connected molecule in a sulfuric acid solution, the team was able to make reproducible measurements showing all three states by measuring the current through it as electrons were removed by another electrode, turning it from an insulator to a strong conductor and then back into an insula...

Thai spice helps cut blood sugar swings

...ps us keep our weight down. Consider hydroxycitric acid (HCA), known variously as Brindle berry or Malabar... of metabolism. The study, entitled "Hydroxycitric acid delays intestinal glucose absorption in rats," appears online and in the June issue of the American ...

Nature provides inspiration for important new adhesive

...nsive and renewable, but it lacks the unique amino acid with phenolic hydroxyl groups that provide adhesive properties. Li's research group was able to add these amino acids to soy protein, and make it work like a mussel-protein adhesive. Then they began to develop other strong and water-resistant wood ad...

To Stop Evolution: New Way Of Fighting Antibiotic Resistance Demonstrated By Scripps Scientists

...as serine proteases and works by cutting the amino acid chain of other proteins. Romesberg and his colleagues showed that LexA's action was necessary for the evolution of resistance to the antibiotics in vitro. The effect in vivo was dramatic. Blocking LexA in rodent models of E. coli infections halted t...

Newly Discovered 'Branding' Process Helps Immune System Cells Pick Their Fights

... example, they attach a nitrate group to the amino acid tyrosine in the peptides, changing it to nitrotyrosine. Unanue's lab then showed that these changes increased the chances that various types of T cells would react to the modified peptides shown to them by antigen-presenting cells. Unanue's group i...

Microarrays as phenotype

...croscope to measure how much of a specific nucleic acid is present. Genotype is the genetic fingerprint of a particular cell. Phenotype is the outward manifestation of the genotype. For example, a person may have genes for eye color. That is that individual's genotype. Blue eyes is the phenotype. The mi...

How A Latent Virus Eludes Immune Defenses

...n produced by EBV, called EBNA-1, harbors an amino acid element in its epitope—the region that binds to a ... could destroy it. Lab studies show that the amino acid element limits EBNA-1’s interaction with T cells by inhibiting synthesis and, to a lesser degree, de...

Touching Molecules With Your Bare Hands

...n produced by EBV, called EBNA-1, harbors an amino acid element in its epitope—the region that binds to a ... could destroy it. Lab studies show that the amino acid element limits EBNA-1’s interaction with T cells by inhibiting synthesis and, to a lesser degree, de...

Owl genomics presents a HEPATOCHIP for diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

...wn etiology, characterized histologically by fatty acid accumulation, hepatocyte damage and inflammation resembling alcoholic hepatitis. NASH is a critical stage in the process that spans from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. NASH is one of the most common causes of elevated aminotransf...

At the molecular level, the predator is the prey

...tsNa(V)1.4's surface, binding to an aromatic amino acid and causing enough of a change in the sodium chann...of resistance to TTX by making this aromatic amino acid harder for TTX to grasp -- or by removing it altogether. One-thirtieth of the TTX normally found in...

Mutation in clams protects against paralytic shellfish poisoning but raises human health risk

...on, and the mutation, which changes a single amino acid in a sodium channel, makes nerves less sensitive t...nce. She showed that the mutation changed an amino acid in a channel, a protein in the nerve cell membrane that allows sodium ions to pass through the membr...

Venom doc tracks down snake bioweapons

...rce waiting to be tapped." By comparing the amino acid sequence of each toxin to the amino acid sequences of multiple proteins from non-venomous tissues, Fry was able to reconstruct the phylogenet...

Engineers improve plastic's potential for use in implants by linking it to biological material

...59 for it to attach well to the plastic. Aspartic acid carries a negative charge, which in T59 appeared t...g together. Yet other peptides containing aspartic acid didn't attach to polypyrrole, leading the researchers to speculate that something contributed by the...

Active Vaccine Prevents Mice From Developing Prion Disease

...is that they are proteins that have the same amino acid composition as equivalent proteins occurring naturally in the body. But the prions turn deadly by changing shape. These "misfolded" proteins tend to aggregate in toxic, cell-killing clumps. As an infection takes hold, prion proteins invade brain tiss...

Researchers Closer To Helping Hearing-Impaired Using Stem Cells

... molecules -- known as Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid -- together caused the marrow stromal cells to fur...ofound hearing loss. “Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid are molecules found in embryonic tissues, but not in adult tissues,?said Dr. Hashino. “This suggests...

Lipids get new comprehensive classification system

...nds to the left. In the simplest case of the fatty acid derivatives, the acid group is drawn on the right and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain is on the left. Another part of t...

Second messenger NAADP shows fast, dose-related impact on satiety cycle

...dy controversial natural molecule called nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which is active in cells from plants to humans. NAADP is thought to be a so-called "second messenger," because it works from inside cells, rather than externally. However its mode operation remains unknown ?and...

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