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Tag: "abnormal" at biology news

Chromosome Deletion Predicts Aggressive Neuroblastoma

...reatment. Oncologists know that amplification, an abnormal increase in the number of copies, of a cancer-causing gene called MYCN heralds a high-risk, aggressive cancer. However, a significant number of neuroblastomas are aggressive without having amplified MYCN. "The deletion of genetic material on chromoso...

Cerebral navigation: How do nerve fibers know what direction to grow in?

...by eliminating this repellent signal, the mice had abnormal axon projections and defects in neural circuitry formation. The second paper demonstrates the role of a protein called ephexin1 in axon guidance. By itself, ephexin 1 promotes axon growth; neurons from mice genetically modified to lack ephexin1 had ...

White Blood Cell 'Waste Disposal' System Plays Critical Regulatory Role

...uture therapeutics for conditions characterized by abnormal numbers of these critical immune cells. Human neu...ed apoptotic neutrophils. Interestingly, mice with abnormal neutrophils that lacked the ability to migrate into body tissues where they would have encountered p...

Protein That Promotes Survival Of Stem Cells Might Be Key To Poor Leukemia Prognosis

...cells," he said. "However, Mcl-1 also prevents the abnormal white blood cells found in leukemia from undergoing apoptosis in response to chemotherapy or radiation. This makes the leukemia cells resistant to treatments designed to damage the cell so it undergoes apoptosis." Opferman is continuing his studies o...

Computational Method Speeds Mapping of Cell Signaling Networks

...e used to study the differences between normal and abnormal cells. This application would be particularly useful for understanding disease states where signaling malfunction plays a prominent role, including cancer and autoimmunity. Until now, the large amounts of data the technique requires prevented its ap...

Fibril Shape Is The Basis Of Prion Strains And Cross-species Prion Infection

...by binding to them and forcing them to take on the abnormal configuration, researchers remain uncertain about the exact molecular details of infection. Earlier studies identified many "strains" of disease prions across mammalian and yeast species. Researchers thought these strains could be defined by differe...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

...d. The new findings, for the first time, implicate abnormal vessel dilation by the red cells themselves in oxy...seases. Patients with sickle cell disease have an abnormal form of hemoglobin. In the late 1990s, Stamler's team discovered that, in addition to its role in ox...

Hirsute Or Hairless? Two Proteins May Spell The Difference

...l expression in the skin of transgenic mice caused abnormal levels of cell proliferation in the epidermis and reduced cell adhesion. Working with skin keratinocytes, precursors of hair fibers, Fuchs and colleagues explored several signaling proteins known to be involved in bud formation as possible activator...

How an AIDS-Related Cancer Unleashes Inflammation

...tudies of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) indicated that the abnormal growth of infected cells required the overproduction of cytokines ?immune system proteins that trigger the cell's inflammatory response. A central question, he said, has been how does the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus that causes KS initiat...

Gene therapy for Parkinson's disease moves forward in animals

...esearchers used gene therapy to completely reverse abnormal movements called dyskinesias in some of the animals, suggesting a new way to combat the flailing movements produced by a widely used drug treatment for Parkinson's disease. Levodopa, considered the gold standard of current treatment, enables the brai...

Key Trigger Of Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms Found

...he triggering machinery involved in activating the abnormal GABA transporter activity. Importantly, the researchers found that drugs that inhibit either the GABA transporter activity or protein kinase A eliminate the hyperexcitability of the PAG neurons in the mouse brain slices. The researchers cited other...

TEL2 gene cooperates with MYC gene to provoke B-cell lymphomas

...on of p53, a gene that orchestrates the ability of abnormal lymphocytes to commit suicide--ridding the body of...YC expression spurs the cells to proliferate. This abnormal behavior then triggers p53 to instruct these overzealous cells to undergo apoptosis. However, such ...

RNA project to create language for scientists worldwide

...ying an important role in understanding normal and abnormal metabolism and physiology and in designing new strategies for intervention in the form of gene therapy, Leontis said. ...

White blood cell waste disposal system plays critical regulatory role

...uture therapeutics for conditions characterized by abnormal numbers of these critical immune cells. Human neu...ed apoptotic neutrophils. Interestingly, mice with abnormal neutrophils that lacked the ability to migrate into body tissues where they would have encountered p...

Study of genomic DNA leads to new advances in cancer diagnostics

...rogression. Such interactions must be aberrant for abnormal cell growth and metastasis to occur. Indeed, Dr. Maniotis and his colleagues found that the extracellular matrix (ECM), or the microenvironment surrounding the cell, influenced whether the cell's chromatin was sensitive or resistant to Alu I. The gro...

The very unexpected life and death of a leukemic cell

...ow grow and survive to the point where they become abnormal and malignant (leukemic). The progression of the disease is slow and there has been a lack of information regarding the rate of production of CLL cells, and the time-course of their death. For years, doctors and scientists believed that CLL was a st...

Plants defy Mendel's inheritance laws, may prompt textbook changes

...order to correct mutations that cause diseases and abnormal growth. Though further research is required to learn how this form of inheritance happens and how it can help improve plants or animals through gene therapy, Pruitt said the discovery has opened an important new line of thinking. The other research...

Gene Therapy For Parkinson's Disease Moves Forward In Animals

...esearchers used gene therapy to completely reverse abnormal movements called dyskinesias in some of the animals, suggesting a new way to combat the flailing movements produced by a widely used drug treatment for Parkinson's disease. Levodopa, considered the gold standard of current treatment, enables the brai...

New research questions basic tenet of neuron function

...ion and epilepsy, all of which have been linked to abnormal neurotransmitter function, said Dr. Kavalali. In neuronal cell cultures, the researchers labeled synaptic vesicles with a fluorescent dye and observed how and when the vesicles released neurotransmitters, both when the neurons were at rest and when ...

Imaging Lymph Nodes with Nanoparticles

...when metastases arepresent there is a recognizably abnormal pattern on MRI scans. Ina previous paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine,Ralph Weissleder and colleagues described using these nanoparticles toassess lymphoid spread in patients with prostate cancer. Now, in apaper published in this...

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