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Tag: "abnormal" at biology news

Parkinson's mutation stunts neurons

...caused by mutated LRRK2 also includes formation of abnormal deposits, or "inclusions," in the neurons. Similar...th of dopamine-producing neurons and production of abnormal inclusions. Finally, when they introduced the mutant LRRK2 into embryonic rat brain, they saw a redu...

Zinc plays important role in brain circuitry

...ayed ability to right themselves when turned over, abnormal gait, altered transmission of visual signals, and an enhanced startle response to sudden noise. Electrophysiological studies of the mutant animals' brain and spinal neurons showed significant zinc-related abnormalities in transmission of signals a...

Finding the right mix: A biomaterial blend library

...ing whether a biomaterial leads to inflammation or abnormal cell growth, for example. The new study represents an innovative line of research. Working with NJCB, NIST scientists have developed a method for constructing "scaffold libraries" --collections of biomaterial scaffolds made from controlled polymer...

Mutant mice show key autism traits

...SD), researchers have developed a mouse that shows abnormal social interactions and brain hypertrophy characte...found that the mutant mice showed the same kind of abnormal overgrowth of neurons and their interconnections seen in some people with ASD that also show increas...

What controls stickiness of 'smart' chromosomal glue

...them more likely to give birth to children with an abnormal chromosome number." According to Amon, knowledge about the mechanism of cohesin function has remained sketchy, even though it plays a central role in meiosis. Researchers knew that an enzyme called separase snips apart cohesins, targeting a specifi...

RNA found in the cellular centrosome of surf clams

... diseases such as cancer, which has been linked to abnormal centrosome numbers in tumor cells," says Palazzo. The study on surf clam centrosomes was initiated at the MBL, an international biological research center where scientists use locally abundant marine organisms like surf clams and their eggs as rese...

Gene linked to rare disease activates fat breakdown

...mutation restores lipid breakdown and reverses the abnormal triglyceride accumulation typical of patients with the lipid storage disease. "These data establish an important biochemical function for CGI-58 in the lipolytic degradation of fat, implicating this lipolysis activator in the pathogenesis of CDS," t...

New study shows antibiotic may protect the heart

...mycin effectively reduces coronary restonosis, the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel. In coronary angioplasty, stents coated with rapamycin are implanted to reduce the risk of restonosis. "A significant clinical question will be whether or not rapamycin coated stents can be utilized in patients to favora...

Scientists tie several cancers to common 'oncogene engine'

...er explained, the MITF gene is overactivated by an abnormal joining, or fusion, of two other genes. MITF, in t...uct, and another is CDK-2, a protein that is often abnormal in cancer. Related to MITF in the MiT transcription factor family are three proteins named TFEB, TF...

Activation of microRNA inhibits cancer gene in human cancer cells

...ught to turn off genes that may protect cells from abnormal cell growth. Drugs that inhibit DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, known as chromatin-modifying drugs, can reactivate genes that have been abnormally silenced in cancer cells. It is conceivable that these processes may also regulate expressio...

Speeding the search for elusive chromosomal errors

...Shaikh. "Now we have a better tool for finding the abnormal gene or genes that give rise to a disorder." The r..., the experiment found the correct location of the abnormal regions. In the second part of the study, the researchers studied samples from 10 patients with mul...

Federal testing for mad cow disease a failure, law review editor says

...eat from dead animals can lead to the formation of abnormal proteins, or prions. The prions attack a cow's brain tissue, causing holes to form. As the brain loses function, the cow becomes disoriented and clumsy. Eventually the animal loses all muscle control and is unable to walk or eat. No treatment is ava...

Neural stem cell gene plays crucial role in eye development

...ne in neural retinal stem cells leads to a kind of abnormal development of the eye called microphtalmia, or sm... of this gene is what is partially responsible for abnormal development of the eye. Notch1 is expressed in several other stem cell/progenitor populations. There...

Coming soon: 3-D imaging that flies 'through' and 'around' cancer

...tomy, locating and revealing the size and shape of abnormal cancer growths. When these two results are fused together, the functional data from the PET imaging is correlated with anatomy on the CT images to provide a single detailed and informative image. Standard 2-D PET and PET/CT images (with FDG) are ac...

Gene screen for breast cancer better than pathologist's 'eye'

... message-manufacturing process. Cancer cells have abnormal levels of methylation, which turns the gene switch off halting the assembly line of critical proteins found in normal cells. The Hopkins test, called quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR or QM-MSP, determines the percentage of methylatio...

Scientists discover why cornea is transparent and free of blood vessels, allowing vision

...When the cornea is clouded by injury, infection or abnormal blood vessel growth, vision is severely impaired, ...rauma or help shrink tumors fed by rapidly growing abnormal blood vessels," he says. "In fact, the next step in our work is exactly this." ...

Septum keeps neurons in synch, can reduce epileptic seizures by 90 percent

... approaches dedicated to protect the brain against abnormal excitability states," the authors wrote. Although this research gives more insight into how epilepsy occurs, a cure is still years away. "But I would say there is hope," Colom said. "We want to offer people with epilepsy new options," he said, but p...

Possible birthplace of malignant brain tumors identified

Researchers have found that abnormal stimulation of a cellular trigger that normally re... invasive tumor-like growths in mice. Removing the abnormal stimulation causes the growths to regress--a finding the researchers said suggests a possible treatm...

'Signature' of chromosome instability predicts cancer outcomes

...egree of chromosomal instability -- by looking for abnormal expression levels of genes at the different chromosomal locations. Next, the researchers identified 25 genes whose activity most strongly predicted chromosomal instability itself. This 25-gene signature was a significant predictor of clinical outc...

Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm higher after vasectomy reversal

...had high rates of chromosomal aneuploidy (where an abnormal number of specific chromosomes or chromosome sets ...n in post vasectomy-reversal men and the number of abnormal sperm, and also between the time interval after vasectomy reversal and the total sex chromosome aneu...

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