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Tag: "series" at biology news

DNA Molecules Used To Assemble Nanoparticles

... that the researchers can track their movement. A series of experiments using cell sorters, 3-D microscopes and other tools verified that these dendrimers hit their targets, were admitted into the cells and gave off their signaling light. The self-assembled dendrimer clusters were shown to be well formed a...

Wisconsin scientists grow critical nerve cells

...al motor neuron, the stem cells advanced through a series of mini-stages, each requiring a unique growing me... fashion, as scientists always believed. Rather, a series of complex overlapping changes may well be the developmental norm in higher vertebrates such as huma...

Growth in the sea comes down to a struggle for iron

... that oceanographer John Martin reported the first series of iron experiments that indicated iron was indeed...etting underway, but scientists have embarked on a series of experiments in three major areas of the world's oceans. "The three areas are the Southern Ocean ...

Poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages function of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas

... understand the reason, the researchers designed a series of experiments. Using ordinary mice that were not inbred or genetically altered in any way, they mated females with males, dating the day of their pregnancy, which lasts three weeks. They separated the mothers into two groups. The control group ate a...

Timing is everything: First step in protein building revealed

...n,only to find that it's not one step but two.In a series of experiments, the scientists found that when yeast'sprotein-building machinery recognizes the starting line for a gene'sinstructions, it first alters its structure and then releases a factorknown as eIF1, a step necessary to let it continue reading...

Plants respond similarly to signals from friends, enemies

...eleton, which is part of a pathway that leads to a series of growth changes that include the formation of either nodules housing bacteria or giant cells from which the nematodes feed. The scientists also discovered that, like rhizobia and contrary to popular belief, the root-knot nematode signals plants fr...

Scientists Replicate Hepatitis C Virus in Laboratory

...sease in the United States and the world. One in a series of hepatitis viruses, HCV accounts for about 15 percent of acute hepatitis cases, 60 to 70 percent of chronic hepatitis cases, and up to 50 percent of cases of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer. Almost 4 million Americans, or 1.8 p...

New Technique for Tracking Gene Regulators

... decoded almost all of the entire humangenome ?the series of nucleotide bases (labeled A, T, G, and C) thatmake up the source code for running the machinery of the cell ?we arejust beginning to decipher it,?said biologist John Dunn, who ledBrookhaven’s role in the research. “It’s as if we have in our hands ...

“Nano-scissors?laser shows precise surgical capability

...ue damage.Ben-Yakar’s nanosurgery technique used a series of low-energy“femtosecond?laser pulses to partially sever the axons of severalanesthetized C. elegans, a widely studied type of roundworm about onemillimeter long. A femtosecond is one millionth of a billionth of asecond.“The time is very important h...

The transparent organism: EMBLEM and Carl Zeiss give labs a unique look at life

...s us to do that with unprecedented quality." In a series of technical innovations, Stelzer and his colleagues (in particular Jim Swoger and Jan Huisken) have made it possible to make three-dimensional films of the inner workings of living organisms at a much higher level of detail than ever before. One in...

The secret lives of whales

...hale history dating back to the middle of the last series of Ice Ages. Using whale samples from the Japanese meat market, where Antarctic minke whales killed for “scientific research?are legally sold as food, Palumbi examined variations in mitochondrial DNA from individual whales. He was amazed at their ge...

Color-blind method opens new doors in DNA sequencing

...from the nuclei of cells and through a painstaking series of bacterial cloning and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps, reduce its length to a manageable size of thousands of nucleotides. Using natural replicating enzymes, the DNA is tagged with four fluorescent dyes, each corresponding to a particular...

Highly adaptable genome in gut bacterium key to intestinal health

...the bacteria's dining room tables. By generating a series of carbohydrate-binding proteins on its outer surface, B. theta is able to hold onto a seat at the table. The bacterium also produces the necessary utensils to break different types of carbohydrate chains into 'bite-sized' pieces; the utensils are a ...

Studies reveal methods viruses use to sidestep immune system

A series of studies by researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center sheds light on the mechanisms used by viruses to thwart a host's immune defenses and may aid in the development of more effective drugs to fight hepatitis C and West Nile viruses, as well as...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

...so the concentration of oxygen in its trachea, the series of tubes that carry air directly to cells for gas exchange. Using a respirometer (an instrument for measuring respiration that consists of a chamber with a flow-through air system), they monitored the moth's breathing pattern. The chamber, which hous...

Scientists discover unique microbe in California's largest lake

...he new species of Acaryochloris is the latest in a series of neworganisms from the Salton Sea that have been identified as part ofWood's study of the blue-green algae in the lake. With Miller, UOemeritus professor Richard Castenholz, and Canadian oceanographerWilliam Li, she published a paper in the journal...

Scientists document complex genomic events leading to the birth of new genes

...and domain acquisition, and this was followed by a series of duplications that gave rise to each RGP family member. A total of eight RGP-family genes were identified, all of which are believed to be fully functional. To demonstrate that RGP-family genes have functions that are significantly divergent from ...

New Breast Cancer Test Could Save Lives

...ear the team talking about the project in the next series of BBC Radio 4’s Leading Edge, which is due to air around February or March this year. ...

Newly Discovered Compound Blocks Known Cancer-Causing Protein

...ion of the cell," said Casey. "What we found was a series of 30 structurally related molecules, and we selected the one with the highest potency ?that is cysmethynil." Once the scientists had identified cysmethynil, they worked with Duke chemist Eric Toone and chemistry graduate student David Gooden to syn...

New RNA polymerase discovered in plants

... flower development, but that proved wrong." In a series of genetic and biochemical tests , Pikaard and his collaborators discovered that Pol IV does not share in the duties of Pol I, II or III. But when the Pol IV subunits are knocked out, the most tightly packed DNA in the nucleus becomes less condensed,...

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