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Tag: "power" at biology news

Cells re-energize to come back from the brink of death

...cell. Mitochondria are tiny structures that act as power plants to supply the cell with energy, but also hold the keys to the cells’ life and death. The process by which the membranes develop holes—mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP)—is often the “point of no return” for self-destruction...

Simulations unravel outer membrane transport mechanism

...embrane contains no energy-generating machinery to power the job of hauling large molecules inside. The new study examined an outer membrane transport system that depends on an energy-generating inner membrane protein, TonB. This TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) contains a beta-barrel domain: a series ...

Study shows big power of small RNAs, not just proteins, in halting cancer

...cted that proteins would be revealed as key to the power of p53, but this latest research published June 6 by Nature now identifies miRNAs as a critical force behind the anti-proliferation potential of p53. Expression of most miRNAs is reduced in tumors, suggesting that some miRNAs act to prevent tum...

Breakthrough developments in rheumatoid arthritis reported

... more patients and controls that we have, the more power we will have to pull out new genes and make associations.” In another major breakthrough, scientists have discovered the importance of a substance called citrulline as a target for immune attack in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This immune system ...

Researchers examine carbon capture and storage to combat global warming

While solar power and hybrid cars have become popular symbols of gre...could transform heavy carbon spewers, such as coal power plants, into relatively clean machines with regard to global warming. ''The notion is that the so...

Penn researchers link cell's protein recycling systems

... working"’” The Role of HDAC6 “That’s where the power of fruit flies comes in,” Taylor explains. “We can use fruit flies to rapidly screen through many genes to find the one we’re interested in. In the process of screening, our attention was drawn to HDAC6 because we already knew that it could bind to u...

Research finds that circadian rhythms dominate all life functions

...omplex system in which the genes function to an AC power grid, Ptitsyn made the discovery by plotting the expression of 20,000 genes on a scale of frequency, or intensity, over a two day period and sorting them by phase or timing of oscillation. Where previous studies have failed, the Colorado State study ...

Fat fish put obesity on the hook

.... This may ultimately increase the efficiency and power of the drug discovery process, thus bringing new medicines to the market faster and cheaper.” In the study, researchers caused obesity in zebrafish by introducing the same type of genetic mutation that causes severe obesity in humans. The genetic ...

Male circumcision overstated as prevention tool against AIDS

...n of human rights and we must do everything in our power to stop it. To argue we should do nothing about infected prostitutes during an AIDS epidemic because of a fear of creating a stigma against the infected would be like an animal rights activist claiming that a rabid dog must be allowed to run free in ...

Chronic fatigue syndrome impairs a person's slow wave activity during sleep

...hat the CFS twins exhibited significantly less SWA power in the first non-REM period of recovery sleep and accumulated a smaller percentage of SWA in the first non-REM period than their twin counterparts. "CFS shares symptoms with depression, and some experts have suggested that it is not a distinctly d...

Invasion of the island bats

...number of species crystallized into a mathematical power function, islands and island archipelagoes have been thought of as biological destinations where species from large continents arrive and, over time, evolve into new species in geographic seclusion. Since islands have many times fewer species than ...

World's leading scientists announce creation of 'Encyclopedia of Life'

... of the world a ‘macroscope?of almost unimaginable power to find and create understanding of biodiversity across the globe. It will enable us to map and discover things so numerous or vast they overwhelm our normal vision." Scientists began creating individual web pages for species in the 1990s. Howev...

LIAI scientists make important finding on cytomegalovirus transmission

... use of antibodies to enhance the disease-fighting power of the immune system. The research team’s findings, based on controlled laboratory studies of mice, may also have implications for other chronic virus infections, such as hepatitis and HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The team’s findings were publ...

First demonstration of new hair follicle generation in an animal model

...ls such as newts and salamanders, mammals have the power to regenerate. These findings are published in the May 17 issue of Nature. A better understanding of this process could lead to novel treatments for hair loss, other skin and hair disorders, and wounds. “We showed that wound healing triggered ...

Fused nasal bones helped tyrannosaurids dismember prey

...nearly one and a half times as long. T. rex's neck power was similarly staggering. For instance, in a split second, a T. rex could toss its head at a 45 degree angle and throw a 50kg person five metres in the air. And that's with conservative estimates of the creature's muscle force, says Snively. "We ke...

Switching genes to overdrive improves muscular dystrophy symptoms in mice

...g the formation of more mitochondria, the chemical power plants that create energy in cells. PGC-1alpha is also required for the normal operation of genes that control the development of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) ?sites on muscle fibers where nerves attach and signal the fibers to contract. Part of ...

Super-fermenting fungus genome sequenced

...process to achieve a fuel-grade product. Now, the power of genomics is being directed to optimize this age-old process. “The information embedded in the genome sequence of Pichia has helped us identify several gene targets to improve xylose metabolism,?said Pichia paper lead author Thomas W. Jeffries o...

A 'traffic light' for neurons means 'go' for improving brain research

...versity of Würzburg in Germany. "This gives us the power to ask what the causal role of specific cell types is in neural circuit function." Knowing the effects that different neurons have could ultimately help researchers figure out the workings of healthy and unhealthy brain circuits, explains graduate...

Navigable nanotransport

... goal, such as a tumor cell. To demonstrate the power of their new concept, Kim and his team chose rigid, disk-shaped monomers equipped with a ring of special molecular "hooks" that can be activated by UV light. When a solution containing these disks is irradiated, the hooks grab on to each other, linki...

Need oxygen? Cells know how to spend and save

...n threatens life by compromising mitochondria that power it, so when oxygen is scarce, cells appear to adjust by replacing one protein with an energy-efficient substitute that "is specialized to keep the motor running smoothly even as it begins to run out of gas," says Gregg Semenza, M.D., Ph.D., a profess...

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