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Tag: "pathogen" at biology news

Learning to fight an adversary that won't stay down

... in Washington D.C. The ongoing appearance of new pathogen varieties like multi-resistant E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the bacterium that causes methicillin-resistant tuberculosis, provide good examples of the challenges we face, says Dr. Davies. Ironically, he says, advances in molecular biolo...

Scientists decipher genome of fungus that can cause life-threatening infections

...us neoformans, afungus whose importance as a human pathogen has risen in parallel withthe HIV/AIDS worldwide epidemic and the increased use ofimmunosuppressive therapies.The study, posted online January 13 in Science Express, revealeddifferences in the virulence strategies used by C. neoformans comparedto oth...

Examination of internal 'wiring' of yeast, worm, and fly reveals conserved circuits

...veloped on the planet, and more practically, how a pathogen differs from its human host, or a diseased cell differs from it healthy counterpart at the most informative level of detail." For centuries, systematic comparisons of animal, plant, and microbial species was based on painstaking measurements of anat...

Scientists discover that host cell lipids facilitate bacterial movement

... case of Listeria, we find that this intracellular pathogen can harness signals from the inner rather than the outer surface of the cell membrane. "The most exciting and surprising finding is that an intracellular bacteria is able to attract host cell membrane lipids to its surface and these membrane lipids ...

Researchers develop rapid diagnostic tool for pathogen identification

...lity to apply current diagnostics to more than one pathogen at a time, thereby reducing the time needed for differential diagnosis. “We focused first on respiratory diseases because differential diagnosis is a common clinical problem with implications for outbreak control and individual case management,?stat...

Multiple Campylobacter Genomes Sequenced

...ease. In 2000, C. jejuni was the first food-borne pathogen to be completely sequenced, but we still know little about how Campylobacter species cause disease. In their search for clues, Derrick Fouts and coworkers have completely sequenced the genome of C. jejuni strain RM1221 (isolated from a chicken carcas...

A new study examines how shared pathogens affect host populations

...ross-species transmission is often associated with pathogen emergence and therefore has been considered as a n...nd host with which it shares a pathogen. Sharing a pathogen among one or more alternative species may actually be limiting the spread of the pathogen in any one...

Scientists discuss improved biopesticides for locust control in West Africa

...st Africa derives from a fungus that is a specific pathogen of locusts and grasshoppers. It specifically targets those insects and does not affect non-target organisms," Vaughan said. "The persistence of base biopesticides is low in the environment because of degradation from sunlight," Agblevor said. "We ha...

Drug-resistant bacteria on poultry products differ by brand

...lly fluoroquinolone-resistance in Campylobacter, a pathogen responsible for 2.4 million cases of food-borne il...n. The danger of infection is heightened when this pathogen is resistant to antibiotics. Not only can the bacteria itself cause illnesses such as diarrhea in hu...

Substance protects resilient staph bacteria

... the first time, been shown to protect the harmful pathogen from natural human defense mechanisms that would otherwise kill the bacteria, according to scientists at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML), part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of He...

PGA on a tour under the skin

...e bacteria inside the human host. PGA protects the pathogen from innate host defenses during infection. S. epidermidis is the only human pathogen known to produce PGA other than Bacillus anthracis, but several differences exist in how the two pat...

Light therapy may combat fungal infections, new evidence suggests

... the researchers said. The discovery in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans further suggests that light therapy, in combination with anti-fungal drug treatments, might offer an effective method to combat a variety of fungal infections, particularly those of the skin or nails, said HHMI investigator Jo...

New lab technique identifies high levels of pathogens in therapy pool

...found in such environments to assess the number of pathogen species, an approach that misses many airborne bacteria that are difficult to grow in a lab environment. The new approach allowed researchers to survey more than 1,300 ribosomal RNA genes from different bacteria and fungi in the pool air and water an...

Researchers uncover sequence of major rice pathogen

...the first time lifted the veil from a fungal plant pathogen by sequencing the genome ?or set of all genes ?of ...stract: Magnaporthe grisea is the most destructive pathogen of rice worldwide and the principal model organism for elucidating the molecular basis of fungal dis...

Discovery may lead to better Candidiasis drug

...curring antifungal agent in saliva, kills the oral pathogen Candida albicans, the fungus responsible for most HIV-related oral infections. Researchers led by Mira Edgerton, D.D.S., Ph.D., discovered that histatin binds to a specific membrane protein called TRK1p, which regulates potassium ion flow through th...

Defenseless plants arm themselves with metals

...h levels of metal in their tissues, rendering them pathogen resistant. These findings, reported in today's (F... alpine flowers called Thlaspi - lack the standard pathogen defense mechanism found in nearly every other plant species. Thlaspi plants live in soils naturally ...

First technology to remove prions that cause vCJD from blood launched

... established good manufacturing practices. Unlike pathogen inactivation, the new filter does not rely on chemical additives, which could damage or compromise the therapeutic value of a blood transfusion such as the oxygen carrying properties of red cells. A filtration approach also avoids the ethical issues ...

Roots Engage in Underground Chemical Warfare

...g of plant defenses does not readily explain why a pathogen can cause disease in one plant species and not another," says Vivanco. "Our findings will help researchers solve the mysteries of plant disease and immunity." In these experiments, however, root exudates did not kill all of the tested strains of bac...

Plant Sacrifices Cells to Fight Invaders

... around the infection site to prevent the invading pathogen from spreading. But how the plants keep from killi...ive cell death throughout the plant. When a plant pathogen makes contact with its intended target, the plant cells immediately launch a set of sophisticated mo...

Protein prevents detrimental immune effects of bacterial sepsis

...olled. The very immune response meant to clear the pathogen and its toxins actually causes damage to the host's own tissues when it goes into overdrive, releasing too many immune signals. Thus, the immune response must be carefully controlled to prevent damage to the host. Damazo et al. studied this balancin...

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