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Tag: "oxygen" at biology news

Bioartificial kidney under study at MCG

...e patient is in failure. Kidneys require a lot of oxygen and energy to perform their endless task, which makes them easy targets in the ICU, Dr. Szerlip explains. As examples, kidneys can become ischemic and begin to fail if blood pressure drops because of a long surgery with significant blood loss. Infect...

Yellowstone microbes fueled by hydrogen, according to U. of Colorado study

... fieldmeasurements of hydrogen, sulfide, dissolved oxygen concentration andother factors.Spear said it was difficult to explore a microbial ecosystem. "We havea hard enough time explaining what's going on in a forest, for example,with all the interlacing systems. We can't even see a microbialsystem."Sample ...

Iron Deficiency Sparks Dramatic Changes In Gene Expression

...ood cells areproduced, and the body is deprived of oxygen needed for energymetabolism. Iron deficiency causes wide-ranging symptoms from fatigue,weakness and cognitive deficits to serious heart complications anddevelopmental disorders. Iron deficiency also contributes to thepathology of hereditary blood dis...

Mitochondrial DNA mutations play significant role in prostate cancer

...ced prostate cancer growth.Since mitochondria make oxygen radicals as a by-product of makingenergy, and oxygen radicals can stimulate cell growth, the researchersthen tested the tumors for oxygen radical product...

Plant hemoglobins: Oxygen handlers critical for nitrogen fixation

...ood, are ancient proteins with well-known roles in oxygen transport and respiration in animals. Hemoglobins ...ndertaken by mammalian hemoglobins in facilitating oxygen transport and exchange in the blood. The most conspicuous plant hemoglobins are the symbiotic hemog...

Taking Aim With Nanoparticle PEBBLEs

...he outside of the targeted cell and shoot reactive oxygen species into it, setting off "an avalanche of damage," said Kopelman. By staying outside the cell, PEBBLEs avoid a problem that thwarts many chemotherapy drugs. "The really bad cancer cells get immune to chemotherapy drugs ?they pump the drugs back ...

Why do insects stop 'breathing'? To avoid damage from too much oxygen, say researchers

...e and resting, however, it continues to breathe in oxygen at the same high volume it uses while flying. The result is excess internal oxygen that can cause oxidative damage -- the destruction of biomaterial due to excess oxygen -- to tissues...

Scientists discover unique microbe in California's largest lake

...tosynthetic bacteria and the chlorophylls found in oxygen evolvingphotosynthetic organisms. It may have an important place in theevolution of photosynthesis," says Blankenship, professor and chair ofthe ASU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.Miller says another surprising discovery occurred when the s...

Family trees of ancient bacteria reveal evolutionary moves

...at use light, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and biomass ?has concluded that these species got ... are organisms that gave rise to chloroplasts, the oxygen factory in plant cells. A half billion years ago Cyanobacteria predated more complex organisms like ...

Scientists discover how fish evolved to float at different sea depths

...ile, and special blood proteins, which can release oxygen even at high oxygen concentrations. These systems drive oxygen from the blood into the swimbladder allowing the fish to...

Implanted Devices Detect High-Risk Heart Failure Patients

... the inability of the heart muscles to pump enough oxygen and nutrients in the blood to the body's tissues. Also known as congestive heart failure, its many causes include infections of the heart, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, previous heart attacks and valve problems. An estimated 4.7 milli...

Vascular structure and function improve with diet and exercise

... exercise capacity (VO2 max, the maximal volume of oxygen exchanged during exercise) at the beginning and end of the eight-week period. Average VO2 max increased from 32.1 milliliters per minute per kilogram (mL/min/kg) to 35.3 mL/min/kg. Average body weight decreased from 92.5 kg to 90.9 kg (203.5 pounds t...

Effective Cancer Treatments Follow The Clock

..., fluid balance, body temperature, cardiac output, oxygen consumption and endocrine gland secretion. In their experiments, the researchers measured the animals' body weight as an indicator of response to the anti-cancer drug. They discovered that Clock-mutant and Bmal1-knockout mice showed high sensitivity...

Dead zone area in Gulf could be increasing, researchers say

...of Mexico ?a region that annually suffers from low oxygen which can result in huge marine life losses ?has a...findings show that the area's water contains lower oxygen levels than expected this time of year. That could mean the dead zone area could be more severe in ...

Discovery Promises Simpler Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

...behind the disease's primary symptoms -- including oxygen deprivation and blocked vessels that can lead to p...mal vessel dilation by the red cells themselves in oxygen deficiency. That oxygen deficiency, in turn, may result in sickling and, ultimately, the irreversibl...

Iron exporter revealed that may explain common human disorder

...e protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Unlike other metals, iron cannot be eliminated through the liver or kidneys, Andrews explained. Iron balance is maintained instead through the complex regulation of tissues that transport, store, and utilize iron...

A human parasite with a streamlined mitochondrion

...oebic dysentery--live in environments that are too oxygen poor to support this process. Nevertheless, Entamoeba still contains a somewhat mysterious organelle, called a mitosome, that is evolutionarily derived from mitochondria. As reported by researchers this week, the mitosome can represent a surprisingly...

Scientists discover how plants disarm the toxic effects of excessive sunlight

...process called photosynthesis, which also produces oxygen in its breathable form. However, photosynthesis ca... pathways it used to sense the presence of singlet oxygen and defend itself from this toxic substance. He notes that the response mechanism is likely highly c...

Microbial fuel cell: High yield hydrogen source and wastewater cleaner

...electricity. However, to produce hydrogen, we keep oxygen out of the MFC and add a small amount of power into the system." In the new MFC, when the bacteria eat biomass, they transfer electrons to an anode. The bacteria also release protons, hydrogen atoms stripped of their electrons, which go into solutio...

Buying Time Through Hibernation on Demand

... metabolic inactivity ?and subsequent freedom from oxygen dependence ?could be replicated in humans, it coul... Cancer cells, Roth explained, aren't dependent on oxygen to grow. As a result, they are more resistant to radiation than surrounding healthy cells, which nee...

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