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Tag: "initiation" at biology news

Risk of stroke doubles if diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes

...ed outcomes immediately after the diagnosis of and initiation of treatment for Type 2 diabetes. Jeerakathil indicates it is possible that physicians are undertreating stroke risks because of a prevailing attitude among physicians and patients that the cardiovascular complications of diabetes occur long after...

Aspirin discovery may improve cancer treatments

... results in the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2Ą, thus inhibiting protein synthesis," Professor Williams said. "Inhibiting or slowing down protein synthesis reduces the accumulation of incorrectly folded proteins in cells, which reduces cellular stress and allows protein synthesis ...

Changes in amino acids in the 1918 influenza virus cut transmission

...ns of influenza virus. These molecules are key to initiation of infection. There are 16 different subtypes of hemagglutinin called H1 through H16, present in influenza virus strains circulating in birds. H1 and H3 are found today in human influenza viruses. Hemaglutinin helps open the door to the cell to a...

Study of planarians offers insight into germ cell development

...flies and nematodes, which show signs of germ cell initiation in the earliest stages of their embryonic developm...ls until several days after hatching. This delayed initiation of germ cell growth is called inductive specification, and is common to mammals and a number of othe...

Discovery of the first resistance gene to rice yellow mottle virus

... requires appears to be the eIF(iso)4G translation initiation factor coded by the Rymv1 gene which is probably involved in viral protein translation, but also perhaps in other processes such as the virus's movement within the cell. The research team discovered mutations of the gene they analysed in three diff...

Nanotech tools yield DNA transcription breakthrough

... The results establish that during transcription initiation the machine remains stationary at its initial bind... unscrunching occurs every time that transcription initiation occurs, indicating that the process is an obligatory part of transcription initiation. Taken toge...

UCLA researchers unravel a mystery about DNA

...l elements of RNAP and the DNA double helix during initiation of the transcription process. The changes in the distances between these tags confirmed that transcription proceeds initially through a "scrunching" mechanism in which, much like a fisherman reeling in a catch, RNAP remains in a fixed position wh...

Two-faced protein can stop metastasis or promote it, researchers say

...ter understanding of the processes involved in the initiation of tumor spread, and it is this process that we all seek to shut down," Anastasiadis says. ...

Too mellow for our predatory world

...ents". At first, they recorded the original flight initiation distance of "naïve" animals. The researchers then... have shown that the animals increase their flight initiation distance and are able to mount a corticosteroid stress response", explains Thomas Roedl. It seems th...

Jefferson scientists identify gene mutation potentially involved in breast cancer initiation

...ormation of breast tumors could play a role in the initiation of a major form of breast cancer. The team, led ...nother link: inactivation of caveolin as the first initiation step." The team found that cyclin D1 activity in human breast cancer samples was increased, speci...

Scientists discover that ancient genes dictate flowering, fall bud set

...tes have discovered genes that are responsible for initiation of flowering. In the annual plant Arabidopsis, the first plant to have its genome sequenced, the genes Constans (CO) and Flowering Locus T (FT) induce flowering in response to day length. It turns out that Populus trees (aspens, cottonwoods, poplars...

Recent, rapid climate change is driving evolution of animal species

...ng shorter, more "southern" day lengths to cue the initiation of larval dormancy. In contrast, the authors write that no studies have found genetic changes in populations relating to the generally expected direct effects of increasing temperature. There are no examples in animal populations of genetic changes...

Drug dials down the energy within cells, UM researchers find

... normal function while simultaneously allowing for initiation of a process that selectively kills or disables disease-causing cells." Glick and collaborators published their findings in the June 16 issue of ACS Chemical Biology. The drug, discovered by Glick and coworkers and called benzodiazepine-423 (Bz-423...

Links between DNA damage and breast cancer studied

...stromal cells in the early stages of breast cancer initiation and progression is not well understood. In two recent papers*, the PNRI/NIST team explored the occurrence of damage to stromal DNA caused by free radicals and other oxidants. NIST researchers used a high-precision chemical analysis technique (liqui...

Researchers offer clues to how leaves patterns are formed

... able to connect the mechanism responsible for the initiation of the veins in the leaf with that of formation of the shoot and root. With our piece of the puzzle added, it indeed seems the same mechanism is responsible for all these events." What Scarpella and his research team--Dr. Thomas Berleth's group fr...

Molecular DNA switch found to be the same for all life

...ated multi-event affair, involving the coordinated initiation and regulation of hundreds and even thousands of protein machines at different sites throughout the genome. Furthermore, the highly packaged nature of eukaryotic genomes makes it difficult for these protein machines to access the DNA. Because of th...

Patients and their doctors have different perceptions about HIV and its treatment

... opinion between patients and physicians about the initiation of treatment, the various goals of treatment, and even about whether or not the patient understands the doctors' explanations. These and other gaps in perception were revealed in the JIAPAC peer-reviewed article, "State of HIV Treatment: Results of I...

Researchers find molecular 'brake' to cell death

...archers agree that the seminal event that leads to initiation of apoptosis is the release of a key protein known as cytochrome c (CC) from a cell's mitochondria, the organelle's energy storehouse. These molecules then bind to another protein called Apaf-1 in the cell cytoplasm, and together they form a scaffold...

Discovery may speed forest biotechnology

... never really knew what genes were involved in the initiation of tree flowering or the cessation of growth in the fall," said Steven Strauss, a professor of forest genetics at OSU. "At least in theory, it may now be possible to dramatically speed up tree breeding programs and strategies. "Trees grow for a long...

How nice, brown rice: Study shows rice bran lowers blood pressure in rats

... “Oxidative stress plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases,?explained lead author Ardiansyah [ editor note: name is correct as written, there is no first name ], a Ph.D. candidate at the university’s School of Agricultural Science. He added one more element to the ...

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