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Tag: "cellulose" at biology news

Fuel from fiber -- Pretreatment can put corn stalks, trees in your car's tank

...ber expansion (AFEX), which makes the breakdown of cellulose ?the most difficult part of making ethanol from plant biomass ?more efficient. Dale and other members of the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation will discuss AFEX and other biomass pretreatment technologies during a...

McBride shows DNA detective work with paper-eating bacteria that 'glide'

...e responsible for the organism's ability to digest cellulose ?the first step in the carbohydrate's conversion i...isms or enzymes that will more efficiently convert cellulose into glucose, and finally into ethanol. McBride's interest in C. hutchinsonii goes beyond its poss...

Walking molecule now carries packages

...ne is widely used in the pulp industry for turning cellulose from wood into paper. It is also the parent substance of a large class of dyes and pigments. Its chemical formula is C14H8O2. The UCR study used a scanning tunneling microscope in Bartels's laboratory that gives a precise picture of individual mole...

Meeting the ethanol challenge: Scientists use supercomputer to target cellulose bottleneck

...e, but the human process of producing ethanol from cellulose remains slow and expensive. The central bottleneck is the sluggish rate at which the cellulose enzyme complex breaks down tightly bound cellulose into sugars, which are then fermented into ethano...

Cellulose nanocrystal research could lead to new vaccines, computer inks

... March 25-29. The focus of her research deals with cellulose drug delivery and ink jet printing. Roman experimented with taking cellulose nanocrystals and attaching antibodies to the surface of the crystals. This design enables the nanocr...

U of M researchers invent 'flashy' new process to turn soy oil, glucose into hydrogen

... new process breaks those bonds with ease, meaning cellulose and similar plant materials can possibly be used as feedstocks. Schmidt and his university colleagues--graduate students James Salge, Brady Dreyer and Paul Dauenhauer--have produced a pound of synthesis gas in a day using their small-scale reactor....

Sequencing of the oyster mushroom genome

...ound is an essential step in the transformation of cellulose - the principal store for carbon ?into biofuel. Moreover, it has to be taken into account that lignin has a chemical composition that is not easy to break down ?similar to some of the contaminant compounds that man releases into the environment, su...

The first tree genome is published: Poplar holds promise as renewable bioenergy resource

...ilding blocks of plant cell walls. The biopolymers cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the most abundant org...tive methods to produce fuels such as ethanol from cellulose in the not-too-distant future (Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol, available at ...

Important gene controlling tree growth and development found

...rtant products for mankind such as renewable fuel, cellulose for the pulp and paper industry and construction materials. Compared to most other plants, trees display some key features. They are the latest flowering plants known ­ many trees do not form their first flower until they are 10-20 years old, someti...

DOE publishes research roadmap for developing cleaner fuels

...ncy require transformational changes in processing cellulose to ethanol. DOE's Genomics: GTL program is poised to help do just that." The roadmap responds directly to the goal recently announced by Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman of displacing 30 percent of 2004 transportation fuel consumption with biof...

Scientific issues associated with carbon-neutral energy sources such as cellulosic ethanol

...urrent levels of production of biofuels from plant cellulose (biomass). Somerville presented his talk, "Bioenergy: The 21st Century Challenge to Plant Biologists" at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB) today (4:30 p.m. Eastern Time August 5) in Boston's Hynes Convention Cente...

Corn waste potentially more than ethanol

...lectricity directly. "People are looking at using cellulose to make ethanol," says Dr. Bruce E. Logan, the Kap...sed in the field. Corn stover is about 70 percent cellulose or hemicellulose, complex carbohydrates that are locked in chains. A steam explosion process release...

Research highlights how bacteria produce energy

...to develop bacteria that can breakdown and ferment cellulose biomass directly to ethanol. "Currently ethanol is produced primarily from sugarcane or cornstarch, but much more biomass in the whole plant, including stems and leaves, can be converted to ethanol using clean technology," says Aida-Romero Garcia, o...

DOE JGI finishes 100th microbial genome

...ud sample, also lives in the rumen of cattle where cellulose and other polysaccharides are digested. "We are ...products of lignin degradation and plays a role in cellulose degradation. Saccharophagus degradans 2-40. (formerly Microbulbifer degradans) Ronald Weiner, Univ...

New organic substrate

...water at a temperature of 90-115 ºC, the resulting cellulose being practically pure, free of phytotoxic products and ready to be used in the growing of agricultural crops. ...

Formation of cellulose fibers tracked for the first time

...little about how plant cells synthesize individual cellulose fibers. However, recent work from the Carnegie In...sity describes the first real-time observations of cellulose fiber formation. The research, published in the April 20 online issue of Science Express, provides t...

New molecule may aid in production of biofuels and fungi-resistant plants

...to discovery of proteins with similar functions in cellulose processing. This may be of major important for the cellulose field and production of biofuel." ...

It's electric: Cows show promise as powerplants

...ed as the microorganisms in rumen fluid break down cellulose : a complex carbohydrate that is the primary compo...epresents the first time that scientists have used cellulose to help charge a fuel cell. The researchers presented their findings on August 31 in Washington, D....

Advances in the characterisation of the oyster mushroom genes

... the "Pleurotus ostreatus" fungus. Degradation of cellulose In nature, the oyster mushroom grows on dead trunks of trees where the lignin and cellulose ?the two principal components of wood - are being broken down. Degradation of lignin has been studie...

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