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Tag: "neurons" at medical news

Why We Feel a Sense of Dj Vu

...he NMDA receptor) in a particular network of brain neurons (the dentate granule cells of the hippocampus) is ...e identified." Researchers believe that a set of neurons called 'place cells' fire to supply a somewhat blueprint for any new space we come across. The next ...

Test Drug Seen as Best Hope in Decades for Tackling Parkinson's

...ain called the substantia nigra. Most pacemaking neurons use sodium ions to produce a regular electrical si...thin a few hours of being exposed to the drug, the neurons reverted to their youth-like state, of using sodium. This lowered the cells' stress level, making ...

Neural Stem Cells Reduce Parkinsons Symptoms in Monkeys

...ns disease is caused by a degeneration of dopamine neurons in an area of the midbrain known as the substantia...human neural stem cell progeny differentiated into neurons that contained tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. Cell progeny containing these markers ...

Myelin Associated With Early Evolution of Huntington's Disease

...t parts of the developing brain include systems of neurons that control movement and behaviour. These neurons have long axons, finger-like projections that serve as the main transmission lines of the nervous sy...

Vitamin Extends Life in Yeast, Dartmouth Medical School Researchers Find

...humans. In fact, that gene is activated in damaged neurons in order to allow NR to protect against loss of axons. The second NR pathway involves three yeast genes, two of which are found in humans. Granted that the human anti-aging apparatus is more complex, but animal studies indicate potential. Perhaps t...

Brazil Spider Offers Hope for Those Suffering from Erectile Dysfunction

...rain senses sexual arousal in the body and certain neurons produce nitric oxide, a message telling the body to get started in making an erection. A cascade of biochemical steps occurs, one of which includes the production of an enzyme dubbed cGMP. This enzyme causes the smooth muscles of the penis’ two cylin...

Memories Lost Due to Neuro-degenerative Diseases may Be Restored

...proteins", an indication that the "wiring" between neurons in the brain had been re-established. It may be possible to restore lost memories with drugs that trigger the natural "rewiring" of brain cells, the study said. The findings could lead to new treatments for neuro-degenerative diseases. Source...

How Morphine Affects Memory

...tion storage in the brain, and connections between neurons called synapses are strengthened with repeated sti...owed that the synapses occurred between inhibitory neurons and dopamine neurons. The inhibitory cells in a healthy brain were able to contain the release of ...

Mind Control is the Key to Happiness: Sadguru Jaggi Vasudev

...e a mess. Similarly our mind, which has a thousand neurons shooting messages to the body, is like a circus. There are so many thoughts, so many emotions running through it at all times. "But whether you use your mind to live positively or make it a misery manufacturing machine depends on you," the Sadhguru...

Addictive Drugs Harms the Brain

...creased activity.Kauer says there are two kinds of neurons one that excites the nerve connection and the second that restrains or depresses them. She says “if inhibition is reduced, you get runaway excitability”. This aspect can have dangerous overtones for abuse if drugs like heroin or cocaine invoke simi...

New Light on Working of Brain Networks

...eside on dendritic spines, the tiny protrusions on neurons that are specialized for receiving information. Th...unction. Stress, for example, appears to flood PFC neurons with cAMP, which opens HCN channels, temporarily disconnects networks, and impairs higher cognitive ...

The Origin of the Brain Lies in a Worm

...ypes with similar molecular fingerprints and these neurons also go on to form the same neural structures in annelid worm and vertebrate." "Such a complex arrangement could not have been invented twice throughout evolution, it must be the same system," adds Gáspár Jékely, a researcher from Arendt's lab, who...

Brain Networks Strengthened by Closing Ion Channels

...eside on dendritic spines, the tiny protrusions on neurons that are specialized for receiving information. Th...unction. Stress, for example, appears to flood PFC neurons with cAMP, which opens HCN channels, temporarily disconnects networks, and impairs higher cognitive ...

Scientists Identify Genes Activated During Learning and Memory

...Disruptions in normal gene expression within these neurons can lead to alarming consequences, such as seizure...le platform for any investigator to understand how neurons change at the molecular level during learning and the formation of memory.' As an animal learns an...

Stem Cells Provide New Tool for Studying Disease and Identifying ALS Drugs

...Until now, scientists have not known whether motor neurons in ALS die because of a problem within the cell—or...called astrocytes may have a toxic effect on motor neurons in ALS. The Columbia study provides further evidence that astrocytes are toxic to motor neurons in...

Eradicating Polio a Better Option Than Control of the Disease: Study

...viral disease that can cause inflammation of motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord and lead to paralysis. Although successfully eliminated in the U.S. and most of the world through the use of poliovirus vaccines, endemic wild polioviruses still continue to circulate in some countries (notably in par...

Drugs for Parkinson’s May Be Useful for Stroke-related Disabilit

...ute this deficit in Parkinson's disease to loss of neurons that use the neurotransmitter dopamine to regulate activity in the putamen. "Earlier attempts to treat stroke patients with neglect with dopamine-like compounds have produced mixed results," says lead author Ayelet Sapir, Ph.D., postdoctoral rese...

Different Approach Needed to Protect Brains of Premature Babies

...rain uniquely vulnerable, and in cell cultures the neurons aren't really in their proper environment," he says. "For our model, we use mouse brain slices that we can keep alive for 12 hours. That keeps all the connections, structures and cell types intact and in their proper relationship. Our ability to obse...

Glucose Causes Death of Brain Cells in Rodents Following Hypoglycemic Coma

...use hypoglycemic coma, resulting in destruction of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which are ...usly, it had been assumed that oxidative stress in neurons was initiated primarily by mitochondria, which process oxygen for energy within cells. The paper a...

Ecstasy Makes People Bond Better, Says an Australian Study

... found that the drug activated oxytocin-containing neurons in an area of their brains called the hypothalamus. When they gave the rats a drug that blocked brain receptors for oxytocin, the increased sociability almost entirely disappeared. The finding ties in with reports from people on ecstasy about h...

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