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Tag: "neuron" at medical news

Potential Key to Brain Blood-Flow Disorders Explored by Scientists

... blood vessels. The information from the active neuron is thus encoded as a calcium signal in the astrocyte. This increase in calcium at the endfeet activates a calcium-sensitive protein, known as a potassium (BK) channel, which permits potassium ions to pour out of the astrocytes onto the adjacent muscl...

How Many Genes Does It Take to Learn? Lessons from Sea Slugs

...ttle is known about the genes that distinguish one neuron from the next, even though they may function quite differently. Molecular analyses of Aplysia neuronal genes are shedding light on these elusive processes. In 2000, senior author Eric Kandel, M.D., of Columbia University in New York shared the Nobe...

Cellular Cues Identified for Stroke Recovery

...nd colleagues report that in the mouse model, this neuron march is the direct result of signaling from the newly blooming blood vessels, thus casually linking angiogenesis the development of new blood vessels and neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons. Further, they have identified what these molecular sign...

Sleep Deprivation may Lead to Impaired Memory, Says Study

...eth Gould, lead researcher, said: "The decrease in neuron production coincided with an increase in the major rodent stress hormone, corticosterone. We know that sleep deprivation is stressful, and that it impairs certain types of learning and memory. We concluded that sleep deprivation decreases neurogenesi...

Blame Myelin for Many Neuropsychiatric Disorders

... and the better the myelin, the more efficient the neuron signaling and our “Internet’s” function. Specifically, such cholinergic treatments may enhance oligodendrocytes, a type of glia cell in the brain that produces myelin during the brain ‘s development and constantly maintains and repairs it as we age. ...

Neuroprotective properties of a protein in Jellyfish

...t possible without it. But too much of it leads to neuron death, interfering with memory and contributing to...ins, the high level of calcium would overwhelm the neuron and trigger a cascade of events ultimately leading to cell death." Calcium-binding proteins declin...

Basis for Nerve fiber Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Discovered

... directly. Axons are the long, slender fibers of a neuron that serve as the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they help make up nerves. Research at UCI and elsewhere has shown that myelin grows back if the T-cell autoimmune response is turned off, and drugs exist or are in de...

Clues to the Mystery of Lou Gehrig's Disease

...lly made the connection between dementia and motor neuron disease. Clinically there's overlap in these two disorders, so it was very tantalizing to see if there was anything to link them biochemically." The researchers developed monoclonal antibodies to TDP-43, and tested them in 72 post-mortem tissue sam...

Fruit fly’s visual map based entirely on genetic inputs

...es and fruit fly denote what they see. Millions of neuron contacts comprise these visual maps// that need to be wired properly in the early stages for normal vision in the adult stage. A general notion is that visual maps are so intricate that they cannot only be genetically programmed but needs neurons or ...

Study Finds Parkinson’s Cell Death Blocked by Stopping Inflammatory Facto

... the researchers saw a 50 percent drop in dopamine neuron death in the brains of rats injected with compound... TNF is likely to be a common mediator of dopamine neuron death.” Tumor necrosis factor is necessary for a functioning immune system. Its effects include th...

Brain Regulation Present Even In Spineless Creatures

...have held "one hard rule" about what constitutes a neuron – that a neuron cell always arises from the ectoderm of a developing embryo. However, a discovery in Drosophila – fr...

Fittest Of Newborn Neurons Survive

...s it is the survival of the fittest. Whether a new neuron lives or is killed off// depends on its ability to...e hippocampus is a dangerous place for a fledgling neuron trying to elbow its way into pre-existing networks. "It's rough in there!" he concedes. "The NMDA re...

Molecular Therapy Holds Promise in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

...solated and shut off mutant SOD1genes in the motor neuron cells only, the disease onset slowed, but the course of the disease eventually caught up to the control rodents. When mutant genes in only the microglia were silenced, the scientists found almost no effect on disease onset, however the disease progre...

It may be possible to switch off acute pain

...st and second order neurons persists after damaged neuron heals or the tissue inflammation subsides. It's been known for years that for chronic pain to persist, a master switch must be turned on inside the peripheral neurons, though until now the identity of this switch remained a mystery. Richard Ambron, P...

Researchers Find Fewer Neurons in the Amygdala of Males with Autism

...me, in portions of the amygdala. “Differences in neuron density could just indicate changes in tissue volu...ntify the developmental point in time at which the neuron reduction actually occurs, which the current study does not address.“One possibility is that there a...

Discovery of Agile Molecular Motors Could Aid in Treating Motor Neuron Diseases

...ervations could lead to better ways to treat motor neuron diseases. Motor neuron diseases are a group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells tha...

Fewer Neurons in Amygdala of Autistic Males

...ther other brain regions in autistics might face a neuron deficit as well. Schumann says, "One possibility...nerative process occurs later in life and leads to neuron loss. More studies are needed to refine our findings." Their results appear in a paper published tod...

Fewer numbers of neurons in autistic boys, study

...he degenerative process in the brain has triggered neuron loss over a period of time. The researchers feel that this subject needs to be explored further to understand its implications in autistic people. This finding is relevant because it establishes that amygdala is abnormal in people with autism. Sinc...

Decline in Concentration, Decision-Making and Problem-Solving

...lls in the brain, leading to a slowly degenerating neuron death and shrinkage of the affected brain regions. No one knows why mild cognitive impairment affects the memory then spreads to executive function as the disease moves toward Alzheimer’s, says Dr. Petersen. In future studies of mild cognitive im...

Schizophrenia Complicates With Altered Receptor Activity

...renia. Hahn and colleagues also studied a second neuron receptor called NMDA, which receives input from the neurotransmitter glutamate. Previous studies at other labs have demonstrated the relationship between erbB4 and NMDA receptor activity and have led researchers to believe that enhanced activity of e...

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