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Tag: "mitochondrial" at medical news

Parkinsons Disease Mechanism Identified

...These findings provide a mechanistic link of how a mitochondrial damaging agent, through calpain-mediated Cdk5 activation and downregulation of an important antioxidant enzyme, can increase oxidative load, leading ultimately to death, concluded the scientists. Taken together, our findings suggest that strategies...

Completely Neutral Evolutionary Changes Helped Shape Our Genome

...f human cells that has its own small genome. These mitochondrial sequences are known as numts. When they expanded...n genome, they found more than 1200 such pieces of mitochondrial DNA of various lengths embedded into chromosomes. While chimps have a comparable number, mice and ra...

Cell Toxin Inhibits Survival Protein in Cancer Cells

A chemically-modified version of a mitochondrial toxin long used to control species of invasive fish in lakes has been found to selectively inhibit two "survival proteins in cancer cells. The research is a first step toward developing a molecularly-targeted drug that could eliminate cellular-lev...

Bak Protein Sets Stressed Cells on Suicide Path

... Bak has a distinct function in regulation of the mitochondrial morphology," says Dr. Zheng Dong, cell biologist a...osis. "These two proteins are very important for mitochondrial injury and subsequent apoptosis," says Dr. Dong. To stress cells, they blocked oxygen supplies an...

Evolution of HIV from African Greek Monkeys

...of that hypothesis." He extensively sequenced the mitochondrial DNA genes of the four species of African green monkeys. Mitochondrial DNA is passed from mother to child. The four green monkeys he studied are the sabaeus monkey, Chlorocebus sabaeus, which lives in western Africa; the tantalus monkey, Chlorocebus...

Parkinsons Disease Protein Pathway Identified

... mutations. The Emory researchers found that the mitochondrial protein PINK1 normally protects cells from oxidati... protective TRAP1 pathway is disrupted, leading to mitochondrial damage. Other scientists recently have linked early onset Parkinson disease to mutations in both c...

Protein Pathway Involved in Parkinson Disease Development Identified

...rkinson disease to mutations in both copies of the mitochondrial protein PINK1 gene (one from each parent) that nor... protective TRAP1 pathway is disrupted, leading to mitochondrial damage. They also have evidence that single-copy mutations in PINK1 are a significant risk factor ...

Cancer Cells Reprogram Energy Needs To Grow And Spread

...viding or even die. Semenzas team uncovered the mitochondrial mechanism in a study of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, caused by a single gene mutation and characterized by the tendency to develop tumors in many parts of the body, including the kidney, brain and adrenal glands. Semenza and colleagues measure...

Lipoic Acid may Help to Live Long, Free of Degenerative Disease

...aid. The scientists say that lipoic acid reduces mitochondrial decay in cells, which is closely linked to the symptoms of ageing. They say that with age, glutathione levels naturally decline and make older animals more susceptible to both free radicals and other environmental toxins, but lipoic acid can resto...

Coenzyme Q10 Does Not Improve Parkinsons Disease Symptoms

... sold as a dietary supplement, is also involved in mitochondrial processes. Because of these functions, CoQ10 has a...e actions in neurodegenerative disorders linked to mitochondrial defects or oxidative [oxygen-related] stress, such as Huntingtons disease and Parkinsons disease, th...

Exercise can Slow Down the Aging Process in Elderly People

...werhouse" of cells. Earlier research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction has something to do with the loss of m...The study demonstrated that there was a decline in mitochondrial function with age in older adults. Nevertheless, exercise upturned the genetic fingerprint back to l...

High Melatonin can Help Delay Ageing

...he University of Granada’s goal was to analyse the mitochondrial function in mice and check their mitochondrial capacity to produce ATP – adenosine triphosphate – a molecule whose mission is to store the energy e...

Drug Used to Prevent HIV Transmission from Mother to Child Damages DNA

...ent findings on the toxicity of these drugs toward mitochondrial DNA. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, the official journal of the Environmental Mutagen Society, is published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and is available online via Wiley InterScience at (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/journal/emm). Rese...

Caloric Restriction in Non-obese People Extends Life Span

... overall calories burned), which suggests improved mitochondrial function. Their analysis of genes involved in mitochondria formation indicated that CR and CREX both increased the number of mitochondria in muscle. Both interventions also reduced the amount of DNA damage—a marker of oxidative stress—in the particip...

Sea Creature's Toxin Could Lead to Promising Cancer Treatment

...reasons: First, there is no previous report that a mitochondrial enzyme like OAT can play a direct role in mitosis; second, OAT seems dispensable for normal cell division occurring in mice and men but is required for the division of cancer cells. This may explain the cancer specificity of diazonamide,” said Dr. Wa...

New Method For Fighting Leukemia

...cooperates with other pro-death proteins to induce mitochondrial damage, culminating in the dramatic onset of apoptosis. 'Our findings are significant because we were able to employ pharmacologic agents to recapitulate the death process that occurs in normal cells, and which is impaired in their neoplastic coun...

Mitochondrial Protein Maintains Appetite During Fasting

... hormone production in the hypothalamus. When the mitochondrial protein UCP2 was activated due to fasting, the num...tance in diabetes. This study indicates that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a critical role in the etiology of obesity and diabetes. Source: Yale Uni...

ABCB6 Is Key to Production of Heme in Hemoglobin

...said. The team found that the increase in ABCB6 in mitochondrial membranes caused the cells to make more porphyrin, the building block of heme. 'Any disruption of this relationship can cause serious problems in the cell by altering levels of heme or porphyrins,' Schuetz said. Armed with this new information, res...

High -tech Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing Tool Updated

... the first time rapidly and reliably sequences all mitochondrial DNA, in the September issue of the Journal of Mole...hip will be a key tool in accelerating research on mitochondrial DNA, a growing area of scientific interest. This interest stems from data that suggests natural sequ...

MitoChip v2.0 – the new Mitochondrial DNA sequencing too

...hip v2.0. This can for the first time sequence all mitochondrial DNA quickly and reliably. Their report will be pub...hip will be a key tool in accelerating research on mitochondrial DNA, a growing area of scientific interest. This interest stems from data that suggests natural sequ...

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